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HSC 190- Medical Terminology > Titanya Jones Final Exam > Flashcards

Titanya Jones Final Exam Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Medical Terminology

A

Language used to precisely describe the human body including its components, processes, conditions affecting it, and procedures performed upon it.

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2
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its part

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3
Q

Cell

A

The smallest living units of structure and function in the human body

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4
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head, upper or above

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5
Q

What is the name of the system that provides the structural support for the human body and protects our organs

A

The Skeletal System

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6
Q

Consists of various types of muscle that each play a crucial role in the function of the body

A

The Muscular system

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7
Q

Name the system that conveys blood through vessels to and from all parts of the body, carrying nutrients and oxygen to tissues and is responsible for removing carbon dioxide and other wastes

A

The Cardiovascular System

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8
Q

What are the main parts of the Immune System

A

White Blood Cells, Spleen, Thymas and Bone Marrow

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9
Q

What are the four processes that is needed for gas exchange

A

Pulmonary Ventilation, External Respiration, Respiratory Gas Transport, Internal Respiration

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10
Q

T/F tiny air-filled sacs where the gas exchanges in the lungs are called Alveoli

A

True

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11
Q

functions of digestive system

A

digestion, absorption, elimination

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12
Q

This system is conposed of organs that produce hormones. Organs such as the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands are primarily endocrine glands (glands that secrete hormones without the use of ducts). Organs such as the pancreas and the gonads have duel functions; one is endocrine and the other is exocrine (secretion of material through ducts). Hormones are vital in regulating growth and development and maintaining a constant internal body condition.

A

endocrine system

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13
Q

T/F- This system is conposed of organs that produce hormones. Organs such as the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands are primarily endocrine glands (glands that secrete hormones without the use of ducts). Organs such as the pancreas and the gonads have duel functions; one is endocrine and the other is exocrine (secretion of material through ducts). Hormones are vital in regulating growth and development and maintaining a constant internal body condition.

A

True

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14
Q

In the process of urine formation, what do kidneys regulate? (4 things)

A
  1. Volume of blood plasma (which contributes to blood pressure).
  2. Waste products in plasma
  3. Concentration of electrolytes
    (Including Na+, K+, HCO3-, and others)
  4. Plasma pH
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15
Q

Starting with the kidneys, what organs does urine flow through when excreted from the body?

A

Kidneys –> ureters –> bladder –> urethra

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16
Q

The Nervous System has two parts what are they?

A

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

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17
Q

What is the Central Nervous System made up of?

A

Brain

Spinal Cord

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18
Q

Which specialized cells conduct information in the Nervous System?

A

Neurons.
Bundles of Neurons form thin cables called Neurons.
Electrical impulses travel along those nerves.

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19
Q

What happens if the nerve impulse can not ‘jump’ the synapse?

A

It is carried across the synapse by chemical messengers called Neurotransmitters.

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20
Q

List what the hypothalamus controls:

A 
Hunger
Thirst
Body Temp
Water balance
Pain
Sleep cycles
Sexual satisfaction
Anger and aggression
It also regulates the Autonomic nervous system which regulates pulse, BP, breathing etc.,
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21
Q

Functional things in the female reproductive system:

A

1) ovaries
2) uterine tubes
3) Uterus
4) Vagina
5) Mammary Glands

22
Q

what is the ovum also called?

A

blastocyst

23
Q

Ovaries are _____ to testes in men:

A

homologous

24
Q

3 parts to the uterus:

A

1) Fundus: superior dome portion
2) Body: central portion
3) Cervix: narrow portion, leads to vagina

25
Q

name and describe the two types of radial arteries:

A
  • straight radial arteries supply the basal layers

- spiral radial arteries supply the functional layer

26
Q
  • external accessory sexual organ; purpose is for milk production and housed within the breasts.
  • estrogen and progesterone begin the development of breasts in girls; mammary glands expand
  • perform the act of lactation (producing milk)
  • prolactin is released from posterior pituitary
A

Mammary glands

27
Q

Describe the flow of the Menstrual Cycle

A
  • day 1 is the first day of the girl’s period. the functional layer of the uterus is shedding, this last 4 to 7 days.
  • then you have regeneration of the lining for the rest of the cycle.
28
Q

3 phases of the menstral cycle

A

1) Follicular phase
2) Ovulation phase
3) Luteal Phase

29
Q
  • root: attached to body
  • body: free moving portion
  • glans penis: the tip, where the nerve endings are, the forthra is the part that is removed if he’s circumsised.
A

3 regions of the penis

30
Q

Matching

The wall or septum that divides the left and right atria
The two lower chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria and pump it back out of the heart. The left pumps blood to the body, and the right pumps blood to the lungs.
The branch of the vena cava that drains blood from the abdomen and lower body.
This area at the junction of the right atrium and ventricle receives the stimulus from the sinoatrial node and sends the impulse to the ventricles through the bundle of His

A

Interatrial Septum
Ventricles
Inferior Vena Cava
Atrioventricular Node

31
Q 
T/F 
Skin= Sweat with enzymes
Breathing Passages= mucus
Stomach= acid
Mouth= saliva
A

What happens in the immune response

32
Q

T/F

Inflammation and fever.

A

What is inflammation?

33
Q

Multiple Choice

These carry lymph away from the lymph node

A

A. CHYLE

B. MAST CELLS

C. TONSILS

D. EFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSEL

34
Q

Region of the spleen composed of lymphatic tissue surrounding arteries

A

A.PHAGOCYTIC CELLS

B. WHITE PULP

C. AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSEL

D. THYMUS GLAND

35
Q

These tonsils are found on the posterior surface of the tongue

A

A. THYMUS GLAND

B. FILTERS BLOOD
DESTROYS OLD RBCS
BLOOD RESERVOIR
DETECT AND RESPOND TO FOREIGN SUBSTANCES

C. LINGUAL TONSIL

D. MONOCYTES

36
Q

How many lobes does the thymus have

A

A. PHYSICAL BARRIERS, CHEMICAL BARRIERS, CELLS, AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

B. LYMPH, LYMPHOCYTES, LYMPHATIC VESSELS, LYMPH NODES, TONSILS, SPLEEN, THYMUS GLAND.

C. 2

D. MEDIASTINUM BEHIND THE STERNUM

37
Q

Function of the Spleen

A

A. LINGUAL TONSIL

B. PHYSICAL BARRIERS, CHEMICAL BARRIERS, CELLS, AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

C. FILTERS BLOOD
DESTROYS OLD RBCS
BLOOD RESERVOIR
DETECT AND RESPOND TO FOREIGN SUBSTANCES

D. NEUTROPHILS AND MACROPHAGES

38
Q

Fluid that enters lymphatic capillaries composed of water and some solutes

A

A. NEUTROPHILS AND MACROPHAGES

B. PHYSICAL BARRIER

C. LYMPH

D. PHAGOCYTIC CELLS

39
Q

A type of dense connective tissue consisting of cells embedded in a matrix which is firm, compact, and capable of withstanding pressure and tension

A

Cartilage

40
Q

Parts of a Long Bone

A
  1. Diaphysis
  2. Epiphysis
  3. Metaphysis
  4. Epiphyseal Plate
  5. Articular Cartilage
  6. Periosteum
  7. Medullary Cavity/ Marrow Cavity
  8. Endosteum
41
Q

4 functions of the Articular System

A
  1. Joints allow for changes of position & body motion
  2. Joints help bear the weight of the body
  3. Joint capsule, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and articular disks provide stability
  4. Synovial fluid lubricates the joints & nourishes cartilage
42
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Smooth layers of cartilage that cover the ends of opposing bones. Found where bones meet adjacent bones. It provides a smooth gliding surface for opposing bones (along w/synovial fluids).

43
Q

6 types of Diarthrosis

A
  1. Ball & Socket
  2. Hinge Joint
  3. Pivot Joint
  4. Condyloid Joint
  5. Saddle Joint
  6. Gliding Joint
44
Q

describe how a steroid change cells

A

lipid soluable so they diffuse through the membrane, enter the nucleus, binds to the protein inside the nucleus then it turns into the hormone receptor complex which binds the the mrna then it goes through the cytoplasm resultng in new proteins and then the reaction.

45
Q

what are the 8 different endocrine organs

A

pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal and thymus, pancreas and gonads

46
Q

in women, the follicle stimulating hormone fsh stimulates what

A

the ovaries to produce estrogen and eggs

47
Q

sympathetic nerve system stimulates the adrenal medulla to release norepeniephran and epi during peroids of stress

A

A. WHAT METHOD TENDS TO BE RHYTHMIC, WITH BLOOD LEVELS RISING AND LOWERING

B. HOW MANY HORMONES DOES THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND MAKE

C. ALL ANT PIT GLAND HORMONES ARE

D. WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF NEURAL STIMULI

48
Q

pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal and thymus, pancreas and gonads

A

A. WHAT CONTROLS THE ANT PIT GLAND

B. WHAT ARE THE 8 DIFFERENT ENDOCRINE ORGANS

C. THE GONADOTROPIC STIMULATES

D. WHAT DOES THE LUTEINIZING HORMONETRIGGER IN WOMEN

49
Q

congestión nasal

A

A. SINUS CONGESTION

B. HOARSENESS

C. GLASSES

D. CATARACT

50
Q

Ear

A

A. NEUR/O

B. MYEL/O

C. OT/O

D. CEREBR/O , ENCEPHAL/O

HSC 190- Medical Terminology (1 decks)

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