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CHS Anatomy & Physiology > Tissues Structure and Function > Flashcards

Tissues Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue

A

groups of cells with similar function

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2
Q

Histology

A

study of tissues

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3
Q

Four main types of tissues

A

Connective tissue, Epithelial tissue, Muscle tissue, and Nervous tissue

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4
Q

How do cells form tissue?

A

Cell junctions

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5
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A
  • Protect underlying tissues
  • Absorb nutrients
  • Secrete hormones, mucus, enzymes
  • Excrete waste
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6
Q

What are the features of epithelial tissue?

A
  • Basement membrane anchors
  • Names according to
  • Cells are closely packed
    ~ tight and adhesive junction
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7
Q

Classification based on shape

A
  • Squamous: flat
    ~Protection
  • Cuboidal: cube shaped
    ~Protection and secretion
  • Columnar: tall and rectangular
    ~Secretion and absorption
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8
Q

Simple

A

one layer

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9
Q

Stratified

A

more than one layer

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10
Q

What is the first layer of epithelial tissues?

A

Simple epithelia

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11
Q

Simple squamous

A

single layer of flat cells

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12
Q

What is the function of simple squamous?

A
  • Diffusion
  • Filtration
  • Secretion in membranes
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13
Q

Where is simple squamous located?

A

Usually forms membranes
EX: air sacs of lungs, forms walls of capillary

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14
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

single layer of cube-like cells

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15
Q

What are the functions of simple cuboidal?

A
  • Secretion and absorption
  • Ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells
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16
Q

Where is simple cuboidal located?

A

Common in glands and their ducts
EX: Surface of ovaries

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17
Q

Simple columnar

A

single layer of tall cells
~ Goblet cells secrete mucus

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18
Q

What is simple columnar’ s functions?

A
  • Secretion and absorption
  • Ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells
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19
Q

Where is simple columnar located?

A
  • Lines digestive tract from stomach to anus
  • Mucus membranes (mucosae) line body cavities opening to the exterior
20
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar

A
  • All cells rest on a basement membrane
  • SIngle layer, but some cells are shorter than others giving a false (pseudo) impression of stratification
21
Q

What are the functions of pseudostratified columnar?

A
  • Absorption & secretion
22
Q

Where is pseudostratified columnar located?

A
  • Respiratory tract (trachea), where it is ciliated and known as pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
23
Q

What is the second layer of epithelial tissue?

A

Stratified Epithelia

24
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Named for cells present at the free (apical_ surface, which are flattened

25
Q

What are the functions of stratified squamous

A
  • As a protective covering where friction is common
26
Q

Where is stratified squamous located?

A
  • Lining of the skin, mouth, esophagus
27
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

two layers of cuboidal cells

28
Q

What are the functions of stratified cuboidal?

A
  • Protection
29
Q

Where is stratified cuboidal located?

A
  • Lines the ducts of mammary glands
  • Salivary glands
  • Pancreas
30
Q

Stratified columnar

A

surface cells are columnar, and cells underneath vary in size and shape

31
Q

What is the function of simple columnar?

A
  • Protection
32
Q

Where is simple columnar located?

A
  • Lines the urethra (male)
33
Q

Glandular Epithelium

A
  • Specialized epithelium composed of cells that produce and secrete substances
    ~ Usually secreted via ducts or as body fluids
  • These cells form glands
  • Composed of
    ~ Simple Columnar Epithelium
    ~ Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
34
Q

Types of Glands

A
  • Exocrine
  • Endocrine
  • Merocrine
  • Apocrine
  • Holocrine
35
Q

What are exocrine glands functions?

A
  • Secrete products into ducts that transport to other locations
    EX: Hepatic Duct- transport bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine
36
Q

What are endocrine glands functions?

A
  • Secrete products directly into the blood or surrounding tissue fluids
    EX: Islets of Langerhans (pancreas)- secrete insulin and glucagon into the blood stream
37
Q

What are merocrine glands functions?

A
  • Secrete products via exocytosis
38
Q

What are apocrine glands functions?

A
  • Release a portion of their cell containing secretion
39
Q

What are holocrine glands functions?

A
  • Release entire cell that disintegrates to release productions
40
Q

What are the functions of connective tissues?

A
  • Movement —> bones, tendons
  • Protection & insulation —> bones, blood, fat
  • Storage —> Bone, fat
  • Attachment and separation —> Attaches skin to muscle
41
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

Connective tissue cells have much more space between them than epithelial tissues, wich this fills up

42
Q

What composes the extracellular matrix?

A
  • Protein fibers and fluid that fill the space between the cells and hold them together
    ~ ECM in bone and cartilage is primarily made of protein and has very little fluid making the tissue rigid and stiff
    ~ Loose connective tissues have much more fluid making them softer and more flexible
43
Q

Fibers

A

Connective tissue is stronger than the epitheliums and plays a role in connecting and anchoring layers of the tissue in the human body

44
Q

Three primary fibers

A
  • Collagen fibers
  • Elastic fibers
  • Reticular fibers
45
Q

Connective tissues from rigid to softest

A

Bone —> Cartilage —> Dense connective —> Loose connective —> Blood

CHS Anatomy & Physiology (1 decks)

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