tissues & osmosis/diffusion Flashcards
diffusion
movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
concentration gradient
difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another
solvent
in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves
solute
substance being dissolved
osmosis
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
selectively permeable membrane
a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot
crenation
in animal cells, shriveling of the cell due to water leaving the cell when the environment is hypertonic
hemolysis
the rupture or destruction of red blood cells due to too much absorbtion
hypertonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
isotonic
when the concentration of two solutions is the same
indicator
a compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base
hypotonic
having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
membrane
thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ
solution
a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
filtration
a process that separates materials based on the size of their particles
epithelium
classified by shapes and number of layers
3 types of smooth muscle
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
4 primary types of tissues
epithelium, muscle, nervous, connective
one layer
simple
more than one layer
stratified
ways to classify epithelial by shape
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
epithelial cells may be reinforced with proteins called
keratin
- thin flat cells, one layer thick, lie on basement membrane
- air sacs, lines blood vessels
- allows diffusion, filtration, provides slippery surface
simple squamous epithelium
-cubelike/wedge shape, uniform in appearance
-form major glands, kidneys
-involved in secretion of fluids or reabsorption
simple cuboidal epithelium
-tall columns anchored to basement membrane, free edge may be ciliated or smooth, nuclei frequently aligned in a row
-frequently contain mucus secreting goblet cells
-digestive tract
-uterine tubes
simple columnar epithelium
-look layered but all attach to basement membrane, nuclei are at different levels
-lining of respiratory passages (mucus traps dust particles)
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
-multiple layers, protects underlying tissue from abrasion, can be keratinized or non-keratinized
- lines mouth, vaginal canal, outermost layers of skin
stratified squamous epithelium
-able to stretch
-lining of bladder and urinary system organs
transitional epithelium
striated, voluntary, multinucleate
skeletal musle
in skeletal muscle they are elongated, cigar like occur in periphery of cell
nuclei
-non-striated, uninucleate, spindle shaped, involuntary
-found in digestive tract, uterus, blood vessels
smooth muscle
-found only in heart
-striated, involuntary, uninucleate-oval shaped, central nucleus
-intercalated discs join cells
-transmit electrical impulses that cause contraction
-cells branched
cardiac muscle
3 parts of neuron
dendrites, cell body, axon
what are the support cells in nervous tissue
glial cells
cell body
soma
highly cellular, store lipids in large vacuoles, nucleus and cytoplasm stay at cell perimeter
adipose tissue
made of mineral component and collagenous fibers, has osteon and central canal
bone
large circular regions in bone
osteon
what kind of tissue is blood?
connective
blood matrix
plasma
blood cells are
red blood cells and white blood cells
RBCs (pink)
erythrocytes
WBCs (purple)
leukocytes
cell fragments in blood
platelets
-most common type of cartilage
-found at ends of bones, between ribs, end of nose, respiratory passages
-clear glassy appearance; has chondrocytes and collagenous fibers
hyaline
outer lining of cartilage
perichondrium
-chondrocytes and collagenous fibers; more collagenous fibers than hyaline
-found in areas that take stresses- invertebral discs, meniscus, symphysis pubis
fibrocartilage
-contains elastin in addition to collagen fibers
-found in external ear; larynx
elastic cartilage
fibers are parallel, found in tendons and ligaments
dense regular connective tissue
fibers are random; found in white of eye, deep layers of skin
dense irregular connective tissue
fibroblasts secrete fibers that mature into
fibroblasts
fibers- protein elastin fibroblasts secrete fibers that mature into occurs in walls of arteries
elastic connective tissue
wrapping of organs, muscles, at meetings of two organs collagenous fibers, elastic and reticular fibers, fibroblasts, fibrocytes, mast cells, macrophages
loose connective tissue
stages of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, interphase
chromatin threads coil and condense nuclear membrane disappears, spindles appear
prophase
chromosomes line up at middle of cells
metaphase
chromatids separate to the poles
anaphase
cytokinesis, new membrane forms, new nucleus forms, spindles disappear
telophase
the period when a cell is performing it’s normal activities
interphase
