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Anaphy Lecture > Tissues Glands And Membranes > Flashcards

Tissues Glands And Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

The four primary tissues are

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscle tissue

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2
Q

Internal communication
• Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

A

Nervous tissue

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3
Q

Contracts to cause movement

A

Muscle tissue

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4
Q

• Muscles attached to bones (skeletal)

A

Skeletal muscle

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5
Q

Muscles of heart

A

Cardiac muscle

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6
Q

Muscles of walls of hollow organs

A

Smooth muscle

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7
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

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8
Q

Forms boundaries between different
environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters
• Skin surface (epidermis)
• Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs

A

Epithelial tissue

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9
Q

Supports, protects, binds other tissues together
• Bones
• Tendons
• Fat and other soft padding tissue

A

Connective tissue

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10
Q

Epithelial tissue is the ____ ____ ____of the body

A

Covering
Lining
Glandular

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11
Q

Cells have___

A

Polarity

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12
Q

Two main types (by location):

A
  1. Covering and lining epithelia
  2. Glandular epithelia
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13
Q

On external and internal surfaces

A

Covering and lining epithelia

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14
Q

Secretory tissue in glands

A

Glandular epithelia

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15
Q

(upper, free) surface

A

Apical surface

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16
Q

(lower, attached) surface

A

Basal surface

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17
Q

may bear microvilli (e.g., brush b

A

Apical surface

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18
Q

How many layers in simple epithelium?

A

1

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19
Q

How many layers in stratified epithelium

A

2 or more

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20
Q

Classification of epithelia
What type of cell?

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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21
Q

Single layer of flattened cells
with disc-shaped central nuclei
and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest
of the epithelia.

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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22
Q

Function of simple squamous epithelium

A

Allows passage of materials

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23
Q

Location of simple squamous epithelium

A

Kidney glomeruli; air sacs
of lungs; lining of heart, blood
vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining
of ventral body cavity (serosae).

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24
Q

Single layer of cubelike cells
with large, spherical central nuclei.

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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25
Q

Location of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Kidney tubules;
ducts and secretory portions
of small glands; ovary surface.

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26
Q

Single layer of tall cells
with round to oval nuclei; some cells
bear cilia; layer may contain mucussecreting unicellular glands (goblet cells).

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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27
Q

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Secretion and absorption.

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28
Q

Function of simple columnar epithelium

A

Absorption; secretion of
mucus, enzymes, and other substances;
ciliated type propels mucus (or
reproductive cells) by ciliary action.

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29
Q

Location of simple columnar epithelium

A

Nonciliated type lines most of
the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal),
gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some
glands; ciliated variety lines small
bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions
of the uterus.

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30
Q

Single layer of cells with differing heights
some not reaching
the free surface; nuclei seen at
different levels; may contain mucussecreting cells and bear cilia

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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31
Q

Function of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Secretion particularly of mucus; propulsion of mucus by
ciliary action

32
Q

Location of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Trachea

33
Q

Thick membrane
composed of several cell layers

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

34
Q

Function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Protects underlying tissues

35
Q

Location of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Nonkeratinized type forms
the moist linings of the esophagus,
mouth, and vagina; keratinized variety
forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry
membrane

36
Q

• Quite rare in body
• Found in some sweat and mammary
glands
• Typically two cell layers thick

A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

37
Q

• Limited distribution in body
• Small amounts in pharynx, male urethra,
and lining some glandular ducts
• Also occurs at transition areas between
two other types of epithelia

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

38
Q

Resembles both stratified
squamous and stratified cuboidal

A

Transitional epithelium

39
Q

Function of Transitional epithelium

A

Stretches readily and
permits distension of urinary organ
by contained urine.

40
Q

Location of transitional epithelium

A

Lines the ureters, urinary
bladder, and part of the urethra.

41
Q

Most abundant and widely
distributed tissue type.

A

Connective tissue

42
Q

Four classes of connective tissue

A

Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone tissue
Blood

43
Q

Major function of connective tissue

A

Binding and support
Protection
Insulation
Transportation (blood)

44
Q

Medium through which solutes diffuse between blood capillaries and cells

A

Ground substance

45
Q

Three types of fibers

A

Collagen
Elastic
Reticular

46
Q

(white fibers)
• Strongest and most abundant type
• Provides high tensile strength

A

Collagen

47
Q

Networks of long, thin, elastin fibers that allow for stretch

A

Elastic

48
Q

Short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers

A

Reticular

49
Q

Mitotically active and secretory cells

A

Blasts

50
Q

Mature cells

A

Cytes

51
Q

in connective tissue proper

A

Fibroblast

52
Q

in cartilage

A

Chondroblasts and chondrocytes

53
Q

in bone

A

Osteoblasts and Osteocytes

54
Q

in bone marrow

A

Hemotopoietic stem cells

55
Q

Gel-like matrix with all
three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts,
macrophages, mast cells, and some
white blood cells.

A

loose connective tissue, areolar

56
Q

Function of Loose connective tissue, areolar

A

Wraps and cushion organs; its macrophages phagocytize
bacteria; plays important role in
inflammation; holds and conveys
tissue fluid.

57
Q

Location of loose connective tissue, areolar

A

Widely distributed under
epithelia of body, e.g., forms lamina
propria of mucous membranes;
packages organs; surrounds
capillaries.

58
Q

Matrix as in areolar,
but very sparse; closely packed
adipocytes, or fat cells, have
nucleus pushed to the side by large
fat droplet.

A

loose connective tissue, adipose

59
Q

Function of Loose connective tissue, adipose

A

Provides reserve food
fuel; insulates against heat loss;
supports and protects organs.

60
Q

Location of loose connective tissue, adipose

A

Under skin in the
hypodermis; around kidneys and
eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts.

61
Q

Network of reticular
fibers in a typical loose ground
substance; reticular cells lie on the
network.

A

reticular
connective tissue

62
Q

Function of reticular
connective tissue

A

Fibers form a soft internal
skeleton (stroma) that supports other
cell types including white blood cells,
mast cells, and macrophages.

63
Q

Location of reticular
connective tissue

A

Lymphoid organs (lymph
nodes, bone marrow, and spleen).

64
Q

Primarily parallel collagen fibers ; a few elastic fibers;
major cell type is the fibroblast.
Function: Attaches muscles to
bones or to muscles; attaches bones
to bones; withstands great tensile
stress when pulling force is applied
in one direction.

A

Dense regular connective
tissue

65
Q

Function of dense regular connective tissue

A

Attaches muscles to
bones or to muscles; attaches bones
to bones; withstands great tensile
stress when pulling force is applied
in one direction.

66
Q

Location of dense regular connective tissue

A

Tendons, most
ligaments, aponeuroses.

67
Q

line all body cavities that open
to the outside of the body
• such as the hollow organs
of the digestive, respiratory,
and urogenital tracts

A

Mucous membrane

68
Q

they are “wet,” or moist,
membranes bathed by
secretions or, in the case of the
urinary mucosa, urine

A

Mucous membrane

69
Q

moist membranes found in closed
ventral body cavities

A

Serous membrane

70
Q

Types of serous membrane

A

Pleurae
Pericardium
Peritoneum

71
Q

line the thoracic wall
and cover the lungs

A

Pleurae

72
Q

encloses the
heart

A

Pericardium

73
Q

encloses
the
abdominopelvic viscera

A

Peritoneum

74
Q

replaces destroyed tissue with
the same kind of tissue.

A

Regeneration

75
Q

proliferates to form scar tissue.

A

fibrous connective tissue

Anaphy Lecture (3 decks)

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