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Anatomy > Tissues and Structures > Flashcards

Tissues and Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for tension lines is?

A

Langer lines

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2
Q

Deep fascia passes freely over bone ? True / false

A

False

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3
Q

The scapula is part of the appendicular skeleton? True / False

A

True (appendicular skeleton = bones of the limbs, shoulder and pelvic girdles)

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4
Q

Give an example of a synovial joint

A

Knee

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5
Q

Give two examples of a fibrous joint

A

Cranial sutures, tibiofibular syndesmosis

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6
Q

Give two examples of a cartilaginous joint

A

Hip joint, intervertebral disc

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7
Q

Haversian system is in compact or trabecular bone?

A

Compact

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8
Q

Give an example of an irregular bone?

A

Facial bones (irregular - not a short, flat or long bone)

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9
Q

Bones are derived from what embryonic tissue?

A

Mesenchyme

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10
Q

Give an example of a plane joint

A

AC joint

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11
Q

Give an example of a hinge joint

A

Elbow

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12
Q

Give an example of a saddle joint

A

Carpometacarpal (MCP) joint of thumb

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13
Q

Give an example of a condyloid joint

A

MCPJ (knuckles)

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14
Q

What is Hiltons law?

A

The nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering their distal attachments.

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15
Q

The synovial membrane is highly innervated? True / false

A

False (the fibrous layers of the joint capsule are highly innervated)

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16
Q

The origin of a muscle is at the proximal or distal end?

A

Proximal

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17
Q

The insertion of a muscle is at the proximal or distal end?

A

Distal

18
Q

Explain isotonic vs isometric muscle contraction

A

Isotonic = remains the same length (e.g. works to overcome gravity). Isometric = changes length (e.g,. movement)

19
Q

Explain concentric vs eccentric contraction

A

Concentric = contraction to shorten muscle, eccentric = controlled relaxation while exerting force

20
Q

What is the structural unit of muscle?

A

Skeletal striated muscle cell

21
Q

What is the functional (motor unit) of muscle?

A

Motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls. Motor neuron can control a small number or hundreds of muscle fibers (e.g. thigh)

22
Q

Define a prime mover?

A

Main muscle responsible for producing a specific movement o f the body

23
Q

What is a fixator muscle?

A

Stabilises distal part of the body with isometric contraction while proximal parts are moving

24
Q

What is a synergist?

A

Compliments prime mover by providing assistance / support

25
Q

The nerve supplying muscle usually arises from the (deep / tendon /superficial) aspect

A

Deep (with a few exceptions) - nerve is deep to protect from injury. Exceptions

26
Q

Striated skeletal muscles can divide? (true / false)

A

False. New muscle fibers are derived from satellite cells

27
Q

Skeletal muscle is stimulated by the (somatic / autonomic) nervous system

A

Somatic

28
Q

Smooth muscle cells in the uetrine wall (increase / decrease) in size and (increase/decrease) in number

A

Both size and number increase

29
Q

Smooth muscle cells can be regenerated from ____________

A

Pericytes

30
Q

Three layers of blood vessels and tissues making up these

A

Tunica intima (epithelial cells), tunica media (smooth muscle), tunica adventitia (connective tissue)

31
Q

Example of true terminal artery

A

Retina

32
Q

What is the blood volume of arteries compared to veins?

A

20% in arteries, 80% in veins

33
Q

Describe drainage of R) lymphatic duct

A

Right superior side of thorax, head, neck and upper limb. Drains into R) venous angle between R) subclavian vein and R) internal jugular vein

34
Q

Describe drainage of L) lymphatic duct

A

L) side thorax, inferior R) thorax, both limbs, groin, head, neck and upper limb. Drains into L) venous angle between L) subclavian vein and L) internal jugular vein

35
Q

Describe purpose of lymphatic system in absorption of nutrients

A

Lymphatic capilliaries in intestines transport lipid and lipid soluble vitamins

36
Q

Skeletal muscle is controlled by multipolar / pseudounipolar neurons?

A

Multipolar (motor = multipolar)

37
Q

Sensory neurons are multipolar / pseudounipolar neurons?

A

Pseudounipolar (sensory)

38
Q

Nerve cell bodies lie within grey/white matter

A

Grey (no myelin)

39
Q

Spinal nerve roots - anterior controls (motor / sensory)?

A

Anterior = ventral = “vehicle” = motor

40
Q

Spinal nerve roots - posteror controls (motor / sensory)?

A

Posterior = dorsal (not ventral = vehicle) = sensory

41
Q

Posterior rami of spinal nerves have overlapping dermatomes / myotomes?

A

False (they do not travel through a plexus e..g cervical, brachial, lumbar plexus, sacral plexus)

Anatomy (2 decks)

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