Tissues and Organs of the Skeletal System Flashcards
What roles does the Skeleton play?
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Electrolyte balance
- Acid-base balance
- Blood formation
What is bone (osseous) tissue?
Connective tissue in which the matrix is hardened
What is bone tissue’s matrix hardened by?
Deposition of calcium phosphate and other minerals
What is the hardening process of bone called?
Mineralization or calcification
What tissues makeup bones?
Osseous tissue
Blood
Bone marrow
Cartilage
Adipose tissue
Nervous tissue
Fibrous connective tissue
What are most cranial bones formed by?
Flat bones
Examples of flat bones
Parietal bones
Sternum
Scapula
Ribs
Hip bone
What are the most important bones in movement?
Long bones
Examples of long bones
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Examples of short bones
Wrist
Ankle
Irregular bones
Vertebrae
Some skull bones
What is the outer shell of bone composed of?
Compact (dense) bone or Cortical bone
What does compact bone enclose?
Marrow cavity or Medullary cavity
What is the end of the bone filled with?
Spongy (cancellous) bone
What percentage of the skeleton is compact and spongy bone?
75% compact and 25% spongy
What is spongy bone always enclosed with?
Compact bone
What is the shaft of long bones called?
Diaphysis
What is the head of long bones called?
Epiphysis
What does the diaphysis provide?
Leverage
What does the epiphysis provide?
Strength to the joint and an attachment for tendons and ligaments
What do mature bones often exhibit?
Epiphysial line of slightly denser spongy tissue between the epiphysis and diaphysis
What is the childhood grow zone called?
Epiphysial plate
What is the joint surface where one bone meets another is covered with a layer of hyaline cartilage called?
Articular cartilage
What holes do blood vessels penetrate through in bones
Nutrient foramina
What is a bone covered with externally?
Periosteum
What is the periosteum?
A tough outer fibrous layer of collagen and an inner osteogenic layer of bone-forming cells
What are perforating fibers?
Collagen fibers and tendons that penetrate the bone matrix
What does the periosteum provide?
Strong attachment and continuity from muscle to tendon to bone
Why is the osteogenic layer important?
It is important to the growth of bone and healing fractures
What is the thin layer of reticular connective tissue called?
Endosteum
What does the endosteum do?
Lines the internal marrow cavity, covers all the surfaces of spongy bone, and lines the canal system found throughout the compact bone
What are the two layers of compact bone called?
Inner and outer tables
What do the inner and outer tables in the cranium enclose?
The diploe
