Tissues and Organs of the Skeletal System

Question 1

What roles does the Skeleton play?

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Electrolyte balance
5. Acid-base balance
6. Blood formation

Question 2

What is bone (osseous) tissue?

Answer 2

Connective tissue in which the matrix is hardened

Question 3

What is bone tissue’s matrix hardened by?

Answer 3

Deposition of calcium phosphate and other minerals

Question 4

What is the hardening process of bone called?

Answer 4

Mineralization or calcification

Question 5

What tissues makeup bones?

Answer 5

Osseous tissue
Blood
Bone marrow
Cartilage
Adipose tissue
Nervous tissue
Fibrous connective tissue

Question 6

What are most cranial bones formed by?

Answer 6

Flat bones

Question 7

Examples of flat bones

Answer 7

Parietal bones
Sternum
Scapula
Ribs
Hip bone

Question 8

What are the most important bones in movement?

Answer 8

Long bones

Question 9

Examples of long bones

Answer 9

Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur
Tibia
Fibula

Question 10

Examples of short bones

Answer 10

Wrist
Ankle

Question 11

Irregular bones

Answer 11

Vertebrae
Some skull bones

Question 12

What is the outer shell of bone composed of?

Answer 12

Compact (dense) bone or Cortical bone

Question 13

What does compact bone enclose?

Answer 13

Marrow cavity or Medullary cavity

Question 14

What is the end of the bone filled with?

Answer 14

Spongy (cancellous) bone

Question 15

What percentage of the skeleton is compact and spongy bone?

Answer 15

75% compact and 25% spongy

Question 16

What is spongy bone always enclosed with?

Answer 16

Compact bone

Question 17

What is the shaft of long bones called?

Answer 17

Diaphysis

Question 18

What is the head of long bones called?

Answer 18

Epiphysis

Question 19

What does the diaphysis provide?

Answer 19

Leverage

Question 20

What does the epiphysis provide?

Answer 20

Strength to the joint and an attachment for tendons and ligaments

Question 21

What do mature bones often exhibit?

Answer 21

Epiphysial line of slightly denser spongy tissue between the epiphysis and diaphysis

Question 22

What is the childhood grow zone called?

Answer 22

Epiphysial plate

Question 23

What is the joint surface where one bone meets another is covered with a layer of hyaline cartilage called?

Answer 23

Articular cartilage

Question 24

What holes do blood vessels penetrate through in bones

Answer 24

Nutrient foramina

Question 25

What is a bone covered with externally?

Answer 25

Periosteum

Question 26

What is the periosteum?

Answer 26

A tough outer fibrous layer of collagen and an inner osteogenic layer of bone-forming cells

Question 27

What are perforating fibers?

Answer 27

Collagen fibers and tendons that penetrate the bone matrix

Question 28

What does the periosteum provide?

Answer 28

Strong attachment and continuity from muscle to tendon to bone

Question 29

Why is the osteogenic layer important?

Answer 29

It is important to the growth of bone and healing fractures

Question 30

What is the thin layer of reticular connective tissue called?

Answer 30

Endosteum

Question 31

What does the endosteum do?

Answer 31

Lines the internal marrow cavity, covers all the surfaces of spongy bone, and lines the canal system found throughout the compact bone

Question 32

What are the two layers of compact bone called?

Answer 32

Inner and outer tables

Question 33

What do the inner and outer tables in the cranium enclose?

Answer 33

The diploe