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Musculoskeletal System > Tissues and Body Cavities > Flashcards

Tissues and Body Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four basic tissue types?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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2
Q

Where is epithelial tissue found?

A

Covering outside of body

Lining body cavities & structures within

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3
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Protect
Absorb
Secrete

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4
Q

What forms does connective tissue take?

A

Blood
Fibrous connective
Cartilage
Bone

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5
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A

Connect & support
Carry nutrients
Conduct waste material away

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6
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Striated (skeletal)
Smooth
Cardiac

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7
Q

Which muscle tissue is controlled voluntarily?

A

Skeletal

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8
Q

Which muscle tissue is controlled involuntarily?

A

Smooth

Cardiac

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9
Q

How is striated muscle found?

A

Attached to the skeleton

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10
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

Within internal organs

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11
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found?

A

Myocardium of heart wall

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12
Q

Define: Myocardium

A

The middle muscular layer of the heart’s walls

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13
Q

Where is nervous tissue found?

A

Throughout the entire body

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14
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Conduct nerve impulses to and from body and central nervous system (CNS)

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15
Q

Define: Tissue

A

A collection of cells and their products

One type of cell predominates

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16
Q

Define: Organ

A

A collection of tissues forming a structure adapted to perform a specific purpose

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17
Q

Define: System

A

A collection of organs and tissues related by function

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18
Q

What three components does tissue comprise of?

A

Cells
Intercellular products
Fluid

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19
Q

Define: Simple epithelium

A

One cell thick

20
Q

What is the name given to epithelium comprising of more than one layer of cells?

A

Stratified or compound

21
Q

What are the three basic shapes of epithelial cell?

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

22
Q

Define: Ciliated epithelium

A

A single layer of column-shaped cells

The free surface of the cells has cilia

23
Q

Define: Stratified epithelium

A

Composed of number of layers of cells

24
Q

Define: pseudostratified epithelium

A

Appears to be multilayered due to positioning of nuclei but actually a single layer

25
Q

Define: Blood

A

Specialised tissue circulating through blood vessels
Carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells
Carries waste products to organs of excretion

26
Q

What is haematopoietic tissue?

A

Jelly-like tissue forming bone marrow within long bones

Responsible for formation of blood cells

27
Q

Define: Cartilage

A

Rigid flexible resilient tissue able to bear weight

Composed of chondrocytes within a gel-like ground substance

28
Q

Does cartilage have a blood supply?

A

No; its nutrition is supplied by its fibrous sheath (perichondrium) surrounding it

29
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage

30
Q

What is the function is hyaline cartilage?

A

Form articular surfaces of joints
Provide support in nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi
Form skeleton of embryo before endochondral ossification

31
Q

What is the function of elastic cartilage?

A

Provide flexibility (external ear, epiglottis)

32
Q

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

A

Higher proportion of collagen fibres gives greater strength (intervertebraldiscs, minisci of stifle joint)
Attach tendons and ligaments to bone

33
Q

What does bone consist of?

A

Ground substance containing osteonectin and collagen fibres, forming osteoid

34
Q

What does calcification result in?

A

Bone rigidity and hardness

35
Q

What happens as the ground substance of bone becomes calcified?

A

Osteocytes are trapped in lacunae (spaces)

36
Q

Define: Haversian canals

A

Fine channels running through the bone matrix

Carry blood vessels and nerves of bone

37
Q

What surrounds each Haversian canal?

A

A series of concentric cylinders of matrix material - lamellae, and osteocytes within lacunae

38
Q

Define: Periosteum

A

Fibrous membrane covering outer surface of all types of bone

39
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue?

A

Compact

Cancellous

40
Q

Define: Compact bone

A

Solid, hard, bone found in outer layer (cortex) of all types of bone
Haversian systems are densely packed

41
Q

Define: Cancellous bone

A

Spongy bone, consisting of internal meshwork of bony “struts” or trabeculae
Interconnected spaces filled with red bone marrow

42
Q

Three layers of bone in epiphysis

A

Periosteum (outer)
Compact
Spongy (inner)

43
Q

Four layers of bone within diaphysis

A

Periosteum (outer)
Compact
Endosteum
Yellow marrow (inner)

44
Q

Hormones promoting osteoblast activity

A

Oestrogen
Androgens
GH/GF-1

45
Q

Hormones inhibiting osteoblast activity

A

Glucocorticoids

46
Q

Hormones inhibiting osteoclast activity

A

Oestrogen

Calcitonin

Musculoskeletal System (5 decks)

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