Tissues

Question 1

Recall the three main types of cytoskeleton

Answer 1

• microtubules
• intermediate filaments
• microfilaments

Question 2

Structure of microtubules

Answer 2

• polymers of α and β tubulin heterodimers
• 9+2 arrangement (9 microtubule doublets and 2 central microtubules)
• approx. 20nm thick

Question 3

4 functional regions of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 3

• the frontal lobe (front)
• the parietal lobe (middle)
• the temporal lobe (middle)
• the occipital lobe (back)
• hemispheres have a highly convoluted surface of ridges of sulci and gyri

Question 4

The left and right cerebral hemisphere make up the?

Answer 4

Cerebrum

Question 5

Temporal lobe

Answer 5

Processes auditory information (sound and speech recognition)

Question 6

Parietal lobe

Answer 6

Processes sensory information (sensory and motor function)

Question 7

Occipital lobe

Answer 7

Processes visual information

Question 8

Frontal lobe

Answer 8

Carries out higher mental processes (thinking, decision making, planning etc)

Question 9

Define sulci

Answer 9

Grooves/valleys

Question 10

Define gyri

Answer 10

ridges

Question 11

4 different types of neurone morphology

Answer 11

• unipolar
• pseudo-unipolar
• bipolar
• multipolar

Question 12

Location of the brainstem

Answer 12

• base of brain
• between the cerebral hemispheres making up the cerebrum and the cervical spinal cord
• goes down into the spinal cord

Question 13

Composition of the brainstem

Answer 13

-midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

Question 14

Features of unipolar neurones

Answer 14

-single axonal projection from the cell body going in one direction=rare in CNS (more typical in the visual cortex)

Question 15

Features of pseudo-unipolar neurones

Answer 15

• single axonal projection from cell body located in the centre of the neurone, but this projection divides into 2 branches
• rare configuration but more numerous than unipolar
• found in the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia

Question 16

Features of bipolar neurones

Answer 16

• 2 different projections from the cell body

- one of these projections is an axon and the other projection is a dendrite

Question 17

Features of multipolar neurones

Answer 17

• most common configuration
• numerous projections from cell body with only one being the axon and the others being dendrites
• many different morphologies
• examples of multipolar neurones include pyramidal, purkinje and Golgi cells

Question 18

Common features of all neurones

Answer 18

• cell body
• single axon
• dendrites

Question 19

Astrocytes

Answer 19

• star shaped

- most abundant cell type in the CNS