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Science For Medicine > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Covers surfaces, connects cells, separates compartments, forms glands

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2
Q

What defines the structure and function of connective tissue?

A

The extracellular matric and fluid it is composed of

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3
Q

Where is the contractile apparatus in muscle tissue?

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

What are some of the functions of nervous tissue?

A

Communication, receives, generates and transmits electrical signals and integrates info

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5
Q

How do epithelial tissues maintain coverage of surfaces?

A

No contact inhibition, cell-cell junctions and cell-ECM junctions

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6
Q

What are some cell-cell junctions in epithelial tissue?

A

Desmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions

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7
Q

What are desmosomes function?

A

Firm anchorage, maintain integrity of epithelial layer

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8
Q

What is the function of a tight junction?

A

Seal intercellular spaces

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9
Q

What is the function of a gap junction?

A

Cell to cell communication

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10
Q

What two layers make up the basement membrane?

A

Basal lamina and reticular lamina

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11
Q

What is an example of a cell-ECM junction?

A

Hemidesmosomes

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12
Q

What are the secondary roles of thick and thin epithelium?

A 
Thick = wear and tear
Thin = diffusion
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13
Q

What are cilia and where can they be found?

A

Finger like projections from apical surface to help with movement, can be found in trachea

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14
Q

What are microvilli and what do they do?

A

Finger like projections from apical surface, help in absorption

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15
Q

What are the different classification of epithelia?

A

Square: squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Layers: simple, stratified or pseudostratified

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16
Q

Where can transitional epithelium be found?

A

Urinary system: bladder, urethra, ureters

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17
Q

What are glands?

A

Collections of secretory epithlial cells (single-celled or multicellular)

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18
Q

What are the two types of glands?

A

Exocrine and endocrine

19
Q

How do exocrine glands form?

A

Differentiates into specialised epithelial cells

20
Q

How do endocrine glands form?

A

Detach from epithelium and attach to nearest blood cells

21
Q

What are the different shapes of exocrine glands?

A

Simple: tubular and acinar
Compound: tubuloacinar

22
Q

What are types of exocrine glands?

A

Mucous glands, serous glands

23
Q

What do mucous glands secrete and where can they be found?

A

Mucus rich in proteoglycans with water - found in gut and trachea

24
Q

What do serous glands secrete and where can they be found?

A

Protein rich secretion - found in exocrine pancreas

25
Q

What is the role of myoepithelial cells?

A

They contract to secrete the contents of the gland

26
Q

What are examples of endocrine glands?

A

Pancreatic islets which secrete proteins into blood vessels, steroid glands e.g. Adrenal cortex which secretes steroid hormones on demand

27
Q

What is the liver parenchyma?

A

Hepatocytes arranged in rows between blood vessels

28
Q

What is one of the roles of hepatocytes?

A

Secretion of glucose and biles

29
Q

What do the support epithelial cells of the liver do?

A

Line blood vessels and bile ducts

30
Q

How are the epithelial cells in the kidneys organised?

A

Into nephrons

31
Q

What do the nephrons do?

A

Filtration of blood, partial absorption of filtrate, overall to release urine from kidneys

32
Q

What do the support epithelial cells of the kidneys do?

A

Line blood vessels and renal pelvis (receives toxic urine)

33
Q

What are some of the abnormal functions of epithelial cells?

A

Over- and under-proliferation, over- and under-secretion, loss of cilia/ciliary beat

34
Q

What is an example of over- or under-secretion?

A

Growth hormone in pituitary gland - can result in gigantism or dwarfism

35
Q

What makes up extracellular matrix (ECM)?

A

Fibres, ground substance, tissue fluid

36
Q

What makes up the fibres in ECM?

A

Collagen and elastin

37
Q

What makes collagen?

A

Fibroblasts

38
Q

What percentage of body weight is collagen?

A

About 30%

39
Q

What makes up the ground substance of ECM?

A

Proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, glycoproteins

40
Q

What cells are found in loose connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells, undifferentiated mesenchyme cells

41
Q

What is a transient cell type found in loose connective tissue?

A

White blood cells

42
Q

What is an example of dense irregular CT?

A

Sebaceous gland in the skin

43
Q

What are some abnormal functions of CT?

A

Leukaemia (overproduction of WBCs), osteoporosis, cartilage tear

Science For Medicine (7 decks)

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