Tissues Flashcards
4 basic tissue types
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
What is epithelial tissue?
Group of tissues designed to cover the external surfaces and line the internal surfaces of an animals body
What is the basement membrane?
Fibers that cement epithelial tissue to CT. Supplies O2 and nutrition and carries away waste.
Epithelial tissue smooth in blood vessels to
Allow easy passage of blood components. No stimulus for clot formation.
Brush border (micro villi) are found in…
The intestine. Greatly increases surface area for absorption
Cilia are found where?
In the respiratory tract. Coordinates movement of substances.
Where is keratin found?
The skin.
It’s waterproof protection.
Simple squamous
Very thin and delicate.
Easily allows passage. Can only be in well protected areas.
What does simple squamous tissue do?
Reduces friction (flat and smooth) Lines vessels and body cavaties.
Where is simple cuboidal found?
Areas of secretion and absorption. Liver Thyroid Salivary glands Pancreas
Where is simple columnar found?
Line the GI tract
Contain goblet cells
Stratified squamous
Areas of mechanical an chemical stress
Mouth, esophagus, vagina, rectum
Start cuboidal then flatten off.
What are the functions of the epithelial tissue?
Protect, absorbs, filters, sensory, secretes and excretes.
Where are glands located?
Only in epithelial tissue.
What are the two types of glands?
Exocrine and endocrine.
What is the purpose of exocrine glands?
Secrete product to immediate area ducts.
Secrete mucin and possess ducts except goblet cells.
What is the purpose of endocrine glands?
Produce and secrete hormones and distribute to many parts of the body. No ducts or tubules.
What are the four types of membranes?
Mucous, serous, cutaneous, and synovial.
What are some examples of CT?
Blood, cartilage, tendons and bone
What do mucous membranes do?
Line and protect the organs that have connection with outside environment. Produce mucus that protects and lubricates.
Serous membranes
Line closed body cavities and the organs within. Produce transistor which moistens surfaces.
Cutaneous membranes
Produce keratin that makes skin waterproof and prevents drying.
Synovial membrane
Produce synovial fluid with reduces friction and abrasion at the ends of the bones.
Muscles
Skeletal muscle: large cells, therefore multinucleated. Skeletal muscle is voluntary. Smooth muscle: single uncleared involuntary . Cardiac: single nucleated, involuntary.
Nervous Tissue
Carries info through the body.
Sensory function such as touch, heat and pressure.
Somatic nervous system.
Voluntary. Under conscious control.
Autonomic nervous system.
Involuntary. Unconscious control.
What is the body’s initial response to injury?
Inflammation
What are the 4 signs of inflammation?
Red, hot, swollen, and tender.
What is the first step of inflammation?
5-10 minute period of vasoconstriction followed by a sustained period vasodilation.
What is step two of inflammation?
Fluid from plasma flow into the injured area and cause swelling.
What is step three of inflammation?
Clot formation takes place to slow bleeding. Helps to prevent pathogens from getting in.
What is step four to inflammation?
Large macrophages and neutrophils move through blood vessels to remove debris and invaders.
How things heal
Granulation tissue forms beneath the blood clot. Epithelial tissue forms over the granulation tissue and below the clot/scab and the connection is weakened and the scab falls off.
What is first intention healing?
Skin forms a union without any granulation tissue. (Surgery)
What is second intention healing?
Edges are separated from one another and granulation tissue forms to close the gap.
What is third intention healing?
Same as second intention healing just involves more extensive wounds
