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Science for Medicine > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the general function of epithelial tissue? (4)

A
  • cover surfaces
  • connect cells
  • separate compartments
  • attach to basal membrane
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2
Q

what does the basal membrane consist of?

A

basal lamina and reticular lamina

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3
Q

what is the structure of cilia?

A
  • projections from apical surface

- formed form tubulin (9+2 arrangement)

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4
Q

what are the similarities and differences between cilia and microvilli?

A

similarities:
- both projections from apical surface
differences:
- microvilli shorter and thinner than cilia
- microvilli supported by actin cytoskeleton and spectrin cross links

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5
Q

what are the types of classification for epithelial cells?

A 
SIMPLE: 
- squamous
- cuboidal 
- columnar 
STRATIFIED: 
- squamous 
- cuboidal 
- columnar 
- transitional 
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR
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6
Q

what types of exocrine glands are there? (3)

A
  • tubular
  • acinar
  • tubuloacinar
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7
Q

what is the function of exocrine glands?

A

to secrete directly onto surfaces or spaces (usually via ducts)

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8
Q

what do mucous glands secrete?

A

seceretions rich in proteoglycans

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9
Q

what do serous glands secrete?

A

watery protein rich secretions

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10
Q

what are myoepithelial cells?

A

epithelial cells that have differentiated into muscle cells

- these surrond exocrine glands and contract to force the secretions out

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11
Q

what do endocrine glands secrete?

A

proteinaceous secretions

- e.g peptide or steroid hormones

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12
Q

where do endocrine glands secrete?

A

dircetly into the bloodstream

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13
Q

how are steroid hormones stored?

A

stored as a lipid precursor in a lipid droplet

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14
Q

why are steroids stored as lipid precursors?

A

steroid hormones can travel directly through cell membrabes

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15
Q

which gland secretes steroid hormones?

A

adrenal gland

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16
Q

what type of epithelial cells are found in the liver?

A

hepatocytes

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17
Q

what structure do epithelial cells in the kidneys form?

A

nephrons

18
Q

what is the parenchyma of an organ?

A

the main bulk of the organ

19
Q

what can cause abnormal function of glands?

A
  • under/ over proliferation
  • under/over secretion
  • loss of cilia
  • loss of ciliary beat
20
Q

what types of tissue are included as connective tissue?

A
  • blood
  • mucus
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • adipose
21
Q

what properties does collagen have? (3)

A
  • high tensile strength
  • flexible
  • inelastic
22
Q

which cells produce collagen?

A

fibroblasts

23
Q

how many types of collagen are there?

A

19+

24
Q

how do collagen fibres form?

A
  1. polypeptides fold to form a triple helix
  2. these helices twist together to form a microfibril
  3. these microfibrils then join together to form a fibril
  4. the fibril goes on the form a collagen fibre
25
Q

where would type 1 collagen be found?

A

tendons

26
Q

where would type 4 collagen be found?

A

in the basal lamina (reticulin)

27
Q

what are elastic fibres formed from?

A

fibrin and elastin

28
Q

what properties do elastic fibres have?

A
  • can stretch 1.5 times and return to original shape
  • have a yellow colour
  • form flat sheets
29
Q

what does extracellular matrix consist of? (3)

A
  • glycoproteins (laminin and fibronectin)
  • tissue fluid
  • ground substance
30
Q

what does ground substnace consist of?

A
  • proteoglycans (protein core and GAGS)

- hyaluronic acid

31
Q

what are proteoglycans?

A

carbohydrate rich chains

32
Q

what cells are permanent loose conncetive tissue? (5)

A
  • fibroblasts
  • macrophages
  • adipocytes
  • mast cells
  • undifferentiated meshenchyme cells
33
Q

what cells are transient loose conncetive tissue?

A

white blood cells

34
Q

what structure does dense regular conncetive tissue have?

A

collagen bundles aligned in one direction with parallel orientations

35
Q

give an exmaple of dense regular conncetive tissue

A

tendons

36
Q

what structure does dense irregular connective tissue have?

A

bundles arranged in a 3-D shape, allowing force from all directions to be applied

37
Q

give an example of dense irregular tissue

A

skin (dermis)

38
Q

where would you find simple squamous epitheial tissue?

A

the lining of all vascular elements e.g lining of arteries

39
Q

where would you find simple cuboidal epithelial tissue?

A

in the ducts of many glands

40
Q

where would you find simple columnar epithelial tissue?

A

the lining of the gut and larger ducts of exocrine glands

41
Q

where would you find stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

A

buccal mucose, pharynx, larynx

42
Q

where would you find stratified transitional epithelial tissue?

A

the urinary bladder and urethra

Science for Medicine (10 decks)

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