Tissues Flashcards
What does ‘adip-‘ refer to?
Adipose tissue - tissue that stores fat.
What does ‘chondr-‘ refer to?
Chondrocyte - cartilage cell.
What does ‘-cyt’ refer to?
Osteocyte - bone cell.
What does ‘epi-‘ mean?
Epithelial tissue - tissue that covers all free body surfaces.
What does ‘-glia’ refer to?
Neuroglia - cells that support neurons; part of nervous tissue.
What does ‘hist-‘ refer to?
Histology - study of composition and function of tissues.
What does ‘hyal-‘ mean?
Hyaline cartilage - flexible tissue containing chondrocytes.
What does ‘inter-‘ refer to?
Intercalated disc - band between adjacent cardiac muscle cells.
What does ‘macr-‘ refer to?
Macrophage - large phagocytic cell.
What does ‘neur-‘ refer to?
Neuron - nerve cell.
What does ‘os-‘ mean?
Osseous tissue - bone tissue.
What does ‘phag-‘ refer to?
Phagocyte - cell that engulfs and destroys foreign particles.
What does ‘pseud-‘ mean?
Pseudostratified epithelium - tissue with cells that appear to be in layers, but are not.
What does ‘squam-‘ refer to?
Squamous epithelium - tissue with flattened or scalelike cells.
What does ‘strat-‘ mean?
Stratified epithelium - tissue with cells that are in layers.
What does ‘stria-‘ refer to?
Striated muscle - tissue whose cells have alternating light and dark cross-markings.
What are epithelial tissues?
Epithelial tissues are found throughout the body.
What is the function of epithelium?
Epithelium covers the body surface and organs, forms the inner lining of body cavities, and lines hollow organs.
What is a characteristic feature of epithelial tissue?
Epithelial tissue always has a free (apical) surface that is exposed to the outside or to an open space internally.
How is epithelial tissue anchored?
The underside of epithelial tissue is anchored to connective tissue by a thin, nonliving layer called the basement membrane.
What is simple squamous epithelium?
Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of thin, flattened cells.
How do the cells of simple squamous epithelium fit together?
These cells fit tightly together, somewhat like floor tiles.
What is the shape of the nuclei in simple squamous epithelium?
The nuclei are usually broad and thin.
What is the primary function of simple squamous epithelium?
Substances pass rather easily through simple squamous epithelium, which is common at sites of diffusion and filtration.
Where is simple squamous epithelium commonly found?
It lines the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs, forms the walls of capillaries, lines blood and lymph vessels, and covers membranes that line body cavities.
What is simple cuboidal epithelium?
Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells.
What is the characteristic of the nuclei in simple cuboidal epithelium?
These cells usually have centrally located, spherical nuclei.
Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?
It lines the follicles of the thyroid gland, covers the ovaries, and lines the kidney tubules and ducts of certain glands.
Which glands are associated with simple cuboidal epithelium?
It is associated with salivary glands, pancreas, and liver.
What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium in the kidneys?
In the kidneys, it functions in tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption.
What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium in glands?
In glands, it secretes glandular products.
What is simple columnar epithelium composed of?
Simple columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of elongated cells whose nuclei are usually at about the same level, near the basement membrane.
What are the characteristics of the cells in simple columnar epithelium?
The cells can be ciliated or nonciliated.
What is the length of cilia in simple columnar epithelium?
Cilia are 7-10 um in length and extend from the free surfaces of the cells.
What is the function of cilia in the female reproductive system?
In the female, cilia aid in moving the egg cell through the uterine tube to the uterus.
Where is nonciliated simple columnar epithelium found?
Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium lines the uterus and portions of the digestive tract, including the stomach and small and large intestines.
Why is simple columnar epithelium thick?
Because its cells are elongated, this tissue is thick, which enables it to protect underlying tissues.
What are the functions of simple columnar epithelium?
Simple columnar epithelium secretes digestive fluids and absorbs nutrients from digested food.
What specialized structures do simple columnar cells have for absorption?
Simple columnar cells, specialized for absorption, often have many tiny, cylindrical processes extending from them.
