Tissues Flashcards
Four main types of tissue
Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
Tissue
Cells arranged in tissues that provide specific functions for the body
Where are epithelial tissues found?
Widespread throughout the body, covers organs, and lines body surfaces
Describe the characteristic of epithelial tissues
Made up of tightly packed cells containing little intercellular material, generally lack blood vessels, and are replaced frequently. They tend to have prominent nuclei when views under the microscope.
How many layers does a simple epithelial tissues have?
1
How many layers does stratified epithelial tissue?
More than 1 layer
What is epithelial tissues functions
They function in protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion
What are the six types of epithelial tissues?
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, pseudostratified ciliates columnar, transitional, glandular
What shape are the top cells of a Squamous epithelial tissue?
Flat and scale-like
Simple squamous epithelial tissues are best for?
Diffusion in the lungs, blood vessel walls, lymph vessels
Stratified squamous epithelial tissue is best for?
Protection. Found on the outer layers of the skin
What does keratinized mean?
Contains a substance called keratin
What shape is the cell in Cuboidal epithelial tissue?
Cube-shape
Simple cuboidal functions what where?
Functions in secretions and absorption a in the kidneys and secretes in the glands
Where is cuboidal epithelial tissues found?
Mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands.
What is the advantage of several layers of stratified cuboidal?
Better protection
What shape is the Columnar epithelial cell
Elongated
What specialized cell Is often found with columnar epithelial tissue?
Ciliary
What is the function of the columnar epithelial tissue?
Movement of substances across the cell surface
Where is simple columnar epithelial tissue found
Linings of stomach, intestines, uterus
In intestine cells, the surface area is increased with what?
Microvilli
What is the purpose of a micro villi?
Absorption of nutrients
Where is stratified columnar epithelial tissues found?
Male urethra, parts of the pharynx
Why do the pseudostratified ciliates columnar appear layered ?
Nuclei in varying positions within the cells
What does ciliated mean?
Having cilia on the cell surface
Where are pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissues found?
At surfaces facing the lumen of certain passageways
What shape is the transitional epithelial tissue?
Shape changes as tissue distends
What is glandular epithelial designed to do?
Made up cells to produce and secret substances into ducts or into body fluids,
Glands that secret products into ducts and blood are called…?
Exocrine glands
Glands that secrete into body fluids and blood are called…?
Endocrine glands
What glands release fluid products by exocytosis and are grouped as serous which produce a watery fluid, mucus which produce thicker, protective substance
Merocrine glands
Which gland loses portions of their cell bodies during secretion?
Apocrine glands
Which gland releases entire cells
Holocrine glands
What functions to Connective tissue have?
Bind, support, protect, serve as framework, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infection, and repair tissue damage
What is connective tissues made of?
Collagenous, reticular and elastic fibers
Calla venous
Tough and silvery white
Reticular
Soft and colorless,
Elastin
Yellowish and has elasticity
What are three cell types in Connective tissue?
Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells
Fibroblasts
Produce collagen and other fibers
Macrophages
Engulf bacteria and cellular debris
Mast cells
Produce heparin and histamine
What are the main functions of Loose Fibrous connective tissue?
Helps hold body parts together
How are the loose fibrous connective tissue fibers arranged
Cells are widely spread and fibers are loosely packed
What is the main cell type found in loose fibrous connective tissue
Fibroblasts
What does adipose tissue designed to do?
Store fat
Where is adipose connective tissue located?
Under skin, around joints, within certain abdominal membranes
How is Dense fibrous connective tissue arranged?
Fibers packed in dense network
Where is Dense Fibrous connective tissue found?
Tendons and ligaments
What is Cartilages function?
A rigid connective tissue that provides framework for various structures. Also it lacks a vascular system and so heals slowly
Cartilage cells are called…?
Chondrocytes
Cartilaginous structures are enclosed within a connective tissue called…?
Perichondrium
What is the most common type of cartilage?
Hyaline
What are the three types of cartilage
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Hyaline
At ends of bones in joints
Elastic
Named because it is flexible and found in ears
Fibrocartilage
Toughest one. Between vertebrae
Bone is made up off what?
Mineral salts as well as organic matrix materials
What are bone cells called?
Osteocytes
How are bone cells (osteocytes) arranged
In concentric circular arrangements around haversian canal
What is blood composed of?
Blood cells and liquid plasma
What is bloods functions
Transports material throughout the body
What is the function of all Muscle tissue?
Contraction for movement
What are the three types of muscle tissue
Skeletal, visceral, cardiac
Where is the skeletal muscle found?
Muscles that are attached to bones
Describe skeletal muscle cells
Long and have muscle fibers. They have several nuclei. Appear to be striped and be striated
Is the skeletal system voluntary or involuntary.
Usually voluntary
Where are smooth muscles found
In walls of hollow visceral organs
What shape was the smooth muscles cells in
Spindle shaped
How many nuclei do smooth muscles cells have
One
Are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary
Involuntary
Where are cardiac muscles found
Heart only
The cardiac cells are connected to each other by ?
Intercalated discs
Are cardiac muscles voluntary or involuntary
Involuntary
Where is the nervous tissue found
Brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves
What is a neuron
It generates and carries nerve impulses
What are neuroglia cells
Support and nourish neurons
Tendons
Bone to muscle
Ligaments
Bone to bone
