tissues

Question 1

Connective tissue

Answer 1

packaging or supporting fabric

Question 2

nervous tissue

Answer 2

nerve and glial cells

Question 3

muscle tissue

Answer 3

generates force so produces movement

Question 4

epithelial tissue

Answer 4

sheets of cells covering body surfaces

Question 5

Special senses

Answer 5

epithelium combines with nervous tissue to make special senses, i.e. touch

Question 6

structure of epithelium

Answer 6

tight cohesive sheet of cells (cells stuck together)

Question 7

what do epithelial cells bind to?

Answer 7

epithelial cells bind to each other and to basement membrane via adhesions/ junctions

Question 8

avascular

Answer 8

has few/no blood vessels (i.e. epithelial tissue)

Question 9

what germinal layers is epithelial tissue derived from?

Answer 9

all three (ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm)

Question 10

features of apical surface

Answer 10

not attached to other cells
exposed to the environment = blood or acid in the stomach/ external environments
often lines lumen of ducts and cavities

Question 11

lateral surface

Answer 11

attached to other epithelial cells

Question 12

basal surface

Answer 12

attached to basement membrane which attaches epithelial to underlying tissues

Question 13

microvilli

Answer 13

often found on epithelium lining internal passages
increases surface area

Question 14

stereocilia

Answer 14

non-motile unlike cilia
limited distribution

Question 15

cilia

Answer 15

several hundred per cell
beat in coordination to move substances over cells
found in respiratory epithelium and fallopian tubes
smoking reduces cilia movement of mucous = reduced protection against bacteria

Question 16

basolateral specialisations

Answer 16

epithelial cells extremely cohesive and closely apposed
specialisations at basolateral surface between cells or with underlying basement membrane = JUNCTIONS

Question 17

functions of basolateral specialisations

Answer 17

maintain polarised state
join cells together
exchange information and metabolites

Question 18

occluding/tight junctions

Answer 18

seals cells together

Question 19

anchoring junctions

Answer 19

mechanically attaches cells to neighbours
abundant in tissue subject to stress

Question 20

communicating/gap junctions

Answer 20

passage of chemical/electrical signals between cells

Question 21

simple squamous

Answer 21

Structure: single layer of flat, often hexagonal cells; nuclei
appear very flat
Function: diffusion filtration, some secretion, absorption
Little barrier/protection against friction
Location: lining of blood vessels and the heart, alveoli, etc

Question 22

simple cuboidal

Answer 22

Structure: single layer of cube-shaped cells; some cells have
microvilli or cilia
Function: good for diffusion, secretion and absorption;
movement of particles embedded in mucus out of the
terminal bronchioles by ciliated cells
Location: kidney tubules, glands, lining of terminal bronchioles of
the lungs, etc.

Question 23

three main classes of connective tissue

Answer 23

connective tissue proper
supporting connective tissue
fluid connective tissue