Tissues 11: Signalling between cell I Flashcards
Why do cells communicate
1.Process information
(Sensory stimuli e.g. sight sound)
2.Self preservation
(Identify danger & take action e.g.spinal reflexes and sympathetic nervous system)
3.Voluntary movement
Getting from A to B
Completing tasks
4.Homeostasis
Thermoregulation
Glucose homeostasis
What is hypoglycaemia
Having too little glucose in the blood
What is the physiological response to hypoglycaemia
Glycogen is broken down
Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver
Which cells are involved in glucose homeostasis
Alpha cells in islets of Langerhans in pancreas
What is the process in which Glucagon is secreted
a
What is endocrine signalling
Hormone travels within blood to act on distance organ/tissue/cells in the body
Give some examples of endocrine signalling in the body
Insulin produced in the liver acts on liver, muscle and adipose tissue
Adrenaline produced in the adrenal glands acting on the trachea and heart
What is hyperglycaemia
a
What is the physiological response to hypoglycaemia
Glucose uptake
Reduced glycogenolysis
a
What is the process of insulin secretion and effect
a
What is paracrine signalling
Hormone acts on an adjacent cell
Give some examples of paracrine signalling
Nitric oxide produced by endothelial cells in blood vessels
Osteoclast activating factors produced by adjacent osteoblasts
Give examples of signalling between membrane attached proteins
Blood borne virus(Hepatits C) detected in bloodstream by APC
APC digests pathogen and
a
Plasma membrane proteins on adjacent cells interacting is what form of communication
Membrane-attached proteins
Give some examples of membrane attached protein communication
HIV GP120 glycoprotein and
a
What happens when a T cell is activated and how is it activated
A cascade of reactions within the cell occurs
TCR is activated
T cell expresses Il-2
a
This is an example of autocrine signalling
What is autocrine signalling
Signalling acting on the same cell
Give some examples of autocrine signalling
a
What is the process of neurotransmission across the synapse
a
