Tissues Flashcards
what are the 4 types of tissue
epithelial, muscle, nervous and connective
how many layers of cells in SIMPLE cells
one singular
how many cells in stratified cells
two or more layers
pseudostratified
one layer but looks like more
squamous epithelium
flattened cells
cuboidal epithelium
has cube shaped cells
columnar epithelium
has tall column shaped cells
exocrine glands
secrete into ducts leading to body surfaces
endocrine glands
lack ducts secrete products into spaces inside the body
skeletal muscle
Long and cylindrical cells (fibers) – Sartorius muscle longest in the body (60cm)
Multinucleated
Striated – arrangement of contractile proteins actin and myosin
Under voluntary control
Attached to bones via tendons – movement
Allow flow of material – swallowing, urination and defecation
smooth muscles
cylindrical but tapered at each end
single nucleus
cardiac muscles
branched and striated
single nucleus
autorhythmic
central nervous system (4) types
ependymal cells (produces CSF)
oligodendrocytes (produce myelin sheath CNS)
astrocytes(provide glucose to neurons)
microglia
Peripheral nervous system
satelitte cells
Schwann cells myelin sheath to pns
Connective tissue characteristics
most abundant
binds supports protects insulates transports
Hyaline cartilage characteristics
tough but flexible avascular 3 types hyaline elastic fibrocartilage
compact bone characteristics
Remodels in response to stress
Structural unit called an osteon – central canal
Osteocytes also trapped in lacunae
Communicate through tiny canals - Canaliculi
produces RBC
Red Blood characteristics
Red blood cells (RBC) or Erythrocytes suspended in liquid matrix (plasma), transport oxygen (hemoglobin) and CO2
RBC are biconcave (increased surface area for binding of oxygen) and lack nuclei
White Blood characteristics
White blood cells (leucocytes) involved in immune response Phagocytosis
platelets (thrombocyts) function
involved in clotting process
Areolar Connective tissue
between muscles anchors skin to underlying tissue embedded with all three type of fibers elastic fibroblast collagen
Dense connective tissue
regular fibers all travel in same direction (tendons and ligaments)
Irregular - fibers travel in different directions (dermis of the integument)
adipose tissue
functions as a fuel reserve
adipocytes store triglycerides
what are the three types of attachments between cells
tight junctions - form a leak proof seal
adhesion junctions (desmosomes) found between cardiac muscle cells
gap junctions
have small holes connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells
in regards to homeostasis what are some values of negative feedback mechanisms
regulating body temperature
once the normal value is reached corrective measures cease
in regards to homeostasis what are some values of positive feedback mechanisms
cause change that promotes continued change in the same direction
gains momentum
CHILD BIRTH
three components of homeostasis
Receptor - detects change in the interal or external environment
Control center - integrates the information coming from all receptors and selects an appropriate response
Effector muscle or gland that carries out the response
Organ definiton
Composed of two or more different tissues that work together to perform a specific function
Organ system
Composed of organs with a common function
there are ___ major organ systems in the human body
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