Tissues

Question 1

Define Tissue

Answer 1

A tissue is a group of differentiated or undifferentiated cells performing with the same origin, performing a particular function.

Question 2

Types of Plant tissues

Answer 2

Meristematic tissues, Permanent tissues, Protective tissues

Question 3

Meristematic tissue is divided into

Answer 3

Apical meristem, Intercalary meristem, Lateral meristem

Question 4

Permanent tissues is subdivided into

Answer 4

Complex and Simple

Question 5

Types of Simple Permanent tissues

Answer 5

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma

Question 6

Types of Complex Permanent tissues

Answer 6

Xylem and Phloem

Question 7

Xylem consists of

Answer 7

Tracheids, Vessels, Xylem parenchyma and Xylem fibres. Consists majorly of dead substance

Question 8

Phloem consists of

Answer 8

Sieve tubes, Companion cells, Phloem parenchyma and Phloem sclerenchyma. Consists majorly of living substance

Question 9

Which simple permanent tissue has liginified cell wall?

Answer 9

Sclerenchyma

Question 10

Which simple permanent tissue has pectin deposition?

Answer 10

Collenchyma

Question 11

Intercalary meristem is also called

Answer 11

Cambium

Question 12

Apical meristem is present in the

Answer 12

root and shoot apices/tips

Question 13

Intercalary meristem is present in the

Answer 13

internodes

Question 14

Lateral meristem is present in the

Answer 14

Lateral sides of the plant

Question 15

Function of Apical meristem

Answer 15

Increases height of the plant which is the primary growth.

Question 16

Function of Intercalary meristem

Answer 16

Increases the elongation of internodes.

Question 17

Function of Lateral meristem

Answer 17

Increases the girth of the plant which is the secondary growth.

Question 18

Specialised Parenchyma

Answer 18

Aerenchyma, Chlorenchyma

Question 19

Function of parenchyma

Answer 19

Serves as packing tissue, main function is to store and assimilate food

Question 20

Function of collenchyma

Answer 20

Provides mechanical support, elasticity and flexibility

Question 21

Function of sclerenchyma

Answer 21

Dead mechanical tissue, provides strength and makes the plant hard and stiff.

Question 22

As plants grow old, the epidermis undergoes certain changes. The epidermis of the young stem is replaced by a strip of secondary meristem called

Answer 22

Cork cambium/Phellogen

Question 23

Chemical present in the walls of cork

Answer 23

Suberin which makes them impervious to gases and water

Question 24

Tracheids are

Answer 24

Elongated, dead cells with hard liginified walls, empty lumen and tapering ends (spindle shaped)

Question 25

Vessels structure

Answer 25

Shorter and wider than Tracheids. Gradually become thick and lignified to provide mechanical support to the plant. Arrange themselves in a row placed one upon the other, forming long tube like structures for long distance transport

Question 26

Xylem parenchyma

Answer 26

Only living element in the xylem tissue. Stores food and helps in lateral (sideways) conduction of water

Question 27

Xylem fibres

Answer 27

Are sclerenchyma in nature, mainly supportive in function and provide mechanical strength to the plant. DO NOT CONDUCT WATER

Question 28

Function of xylem

Answer 28

Main function is upward conduction of water and minerals from root to different parts of the shoots. (unidirectional)

Question 29

Function of phloem

Answer 29

Vascular tissue which transports photosynthetically prepared food materials from the leaves to the storage organs and later from storage organs to the growing regions of the plant body. (Multidirectional)

Question 30

Sieve Cells

Answer 30

Less specialized and primitive type of sieve elements. Occur in phloem of non flowering plants.

Question 31

Companion Cells

Answer 31

Lies on the side of the sieve tubes. Small, thin walled living cells with a large elongated nucleus and dense cytoplasm

Question 32

The phloem element which has slender, tube like structure and each element is composed of elongated, thin walled cells

Answer 32

Sieve tube

Question 33

Living cells which store food, resine, latex, etc. and help in slow conduction of food especially to the sides. Which phloem element is this?

Answer 33

Phloem parenchyma

Question 34

Phloem/bast fibres

Answer 34

Dead sclerenchymatous fibres which provide mechanical strength

Question 35

Epidermis

Answer 35

A protective tissue, is the outermost layer of the plant organs. Aids protection against water loss, mechanical injury and invasion by parasitic fungi, etc.

Question 36

Epidermal cells on the aerial parts of the plant are often covered by a layer of

Answer 36

Cuticle, a waterproof layer made up of a waxy substance (cutin) secreted by the epidermal cells

Question 37

The only epidermal cells which contain chloroplasts

Answer 37

Guard cells

Question 38

The epidermal cells of the roots, whose function is water absorption, commonly bear long hair like parts (root hairs) for

Answer 38

Increase in the total absorptive surface area

Question 39

Function of stomata

Answer 39

Regulate gaseous exchange and transpiration