Tissue Processing

Question 1

People that produces tissue sections of clear and adequate interpretations of microscopic structures and cellular changes

Answer 1

histotechnologist

Question 2

the tissue from _______ to the state where it is completely infiltrated and a suitable histological wax, can be embedded and ready for section cutting

Answer 2

Fixation

Question 3

Preserves tissues preventing autolysis or putrefaction

Answer 3

Fixation

Question 4

Done ASAP after removal of the tissue

Answer 4

Fixation

Question 5

Three objectives of Fixation

Answer 5

To preserve the tissue
To prevent breakdown of cellular elements
To coagulate or precipitate protoplasmic substances

Question 6

Practical Considerations of Fixation

Answer 6

-Transfer the fixative in less than an hour
-10:1 fixative to specimen ration for excellent penetration
-Tissue must be small and thin (2-3 mm)

Question 7

Prolonged Fixation

Answer 7

‘Shrinkage and hardening of tissue’, welcomes enzyme activity and immunological reactions

Question 8

Most popular fixative

Answer 8

Formalin

Question 9

Removal of calcium ions

Answer 9

Decalcification

Question 10

Bones, teeth, calcified tumors, and calcified heart valves are in this process

Answer 10

Decalcification

Question 11

involves slow substitution of the water in the tissues with an organic solvent

Answer 11

Dehydration

Question 12

Recommended for dehydration

Answer 12

Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol)

Question 13

Fast-acting, mixes water and other solvents, penetrating tissues is easy

Answer 13

Ethanol

Question 14

Cheap, rapid acting
Dehydrates in 1/2 to 2 hours

Answer 14

Acetone

Question 15

Alcohol or a dehydration agent is removed than replaced with a substance that dissolves the wax

Answer 15

Clearing

Question 16

Imparts optical clarity or transparency
“Change of appearance” indicates effectiveness/completeness of the process

Answer 16

Clearing

Question 17

Removes an amount of fat from the tissues

Answer 17

Clearing

Question 18

Most common clearing agent
1/2 to 1 hour

Answer 18

Xylene (Xylol)

Question 19

Clearing agent is completely removed

Answer 19

Impregnation and Embedding

Question 20

Allows easier handling and cutting very thin sections with no damage at all

Answer 20

Impregnation and Embedding

Question 21

The tissue is placed into a precise arranged position

Answer 21

Embedding

Question 22

Most important step in embedding

Answer 22

Correct Orientation

Question 23

Embedding mediums

Answer 23

Paraffin Wax
Celloidin
Gelatin
Plastic

Question 24

Peel away disposable embedding mold

Answer 24

Embedding Molds

Question 25

Tissue is now trimmed into uniformly thin slices or “Sections”

Answer 25

Section Cutting (Microtomy)

Question 26

Tissue components are made visible through dye and the like

Answer 26

Staining

Question 27

Gives color and uses alcoholic dye solutions (ONE dye is used)

Answer 27

Direct Staining

Question 28

Adds a mordant that serves as a link/bridge to make reactions possible

Answer 28

Indirect staining

Question 29

Merely accelerates the reaction

Answer 29

Accentuator

Question 30

Applied in specific period of time or desired intensity

Answer 30

Progressive Staining

Question 31

Tissue is overstained and excess stain is removed

Answer 31

Regressive Staining

Question 32

The ribbons are taken from the microtome and transferred to the warm water bath

Answer 32

Mounting