Tissue Integrity Flashcards
what is the larget organ in the body?
skin
- supports critical life function
the outer layer of the skin with 5 interrelated layers is the ____
epidermis
the layer of skin that contains three types of connective tissue is the _____
dermis
what is the three types of connective tissue of the dermis
collagen, elastic fibers, reticular fibers
the layer of skin with loose connective tissue and fat cells is the ______
subcutaneous tissue
which layer of the skin attaches the skin to muscle and bones?
subcutaneous tissue
the major cells of the epidermis are
keratinocytes
melanocytes
the major cells of the dermis are
fibroblast
list the different skin appendages
hair, nails, glands (sebaceous, sweat)
what are the functions of the integumentary system?
protect the underlying body tissues by serving as a barrier to the external environment
fat in the subcutaneous layer insulates the body and provides protection from trauma. Melanin screens and absorbs UV radiation.
nerve endings and special receptors collects sensory information from environmental stimuli.
controls heat regulation by responding to changes in internal and external temperature with vasoconstriction or vasodilation
True or false:
Infant skin is 40-50% thinner than adults
True
what are common skin alterations in infants
-Mongolian spots
-Nevi
-erythema toxicum
define milia
sebaceous glands on face
what is erythematous
red color at birth – then fades
* skin color is early detector of potential problems
define acrocyanosis
blotchy or mottled colored extremities
how does an increase of estrogen affect the skin?
increase estrogen can lead to an increase of blood flow to the skin
in pregnancy, an increase in melanotropin can cause _________
hyperpigmentation
*can cause melasma and linea nigra
an increase of blood flow to the skin can cause __________
angiomata (vascular spiders) and palmar erythema
mechanical stretching of the skin in pregnancy is also called
striae gravidarum (stretch marks)
What happens to hair and nails during pregnancy?
- accelerated growth
- hirsutism
what are some skin changes that can happen with aging?
- decreased subcutaneous fat, muscle laxity, degeneration of elastic fibers, collagen stiffening (wrinkling, sagging breast and abdomen, redundant flesh around eyes, tenting)
- Decreased extracellular water, surface lipids, and sebaceous gland activity (Decreased extracellular water, surface lipids, and sebaceous gland activity
*Decreased extracellular water, surface lipids, and sebaceous gland activity (Dry skin with minimal to no perspiration, skin color uneven)
*Dry skin with minimal to no perspiration, skin color uneven (Bruising)
*Decreased proliferative capacity (delayed wound healing)