tissue fluid formation

Question 1

what is plasma

Answer 1

component making up blood containing water and dissolved substances such as glucose, hormones, large plasma proteins and mineral ions

Question 2

what is the purpose of plasma proteins in plasma

Answer 2

maintain osmotic potential

Question 3

what is tissue fluid

Answer 3

fluid that surrounds cells

Question 4

what do plasma proteins do to water potential

Answer 4

reduce water potential of the blood

Question 5

as plasma proteins reduce water potential, what happens in the capillaries

Answer 5

water moves into the capillary bed via osmotic pressure

Question 6

what is osmotic pressure value at the arterial end

Answer 6

-3.3 kPa

Question 7

what pressure is highest at the arterial end

Answer 7

hydrostatic pressure

Question 8

what is hydrostatic pressure caused by

Answer 8

force of contraction of the heart

Question 9

what is the hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary

Answer 9

4.6 kPa

Question 10

what is the overall pressure at the arterial end

Answer 10

4.6 kPa (hydro) - (oncontic) 3.3
= 1.3 kPa

Question 11

what does this overall pressure cause

Answer 11

forces fluid out of the capillary to form tissue fluid surrounding the cells

Question 12

why does hydrostatic pressure fall across the capillary

Answer 12

a loss of water and a loss of pulse

Question 13

what is the hydrostatic pressure at the venule end

Answer 13

2.3 kPa

Question 14

how do you work out total pressure at the venule end

Answer 14

2.3 kPa - 3.3 kPa = -1.0kPa

Question 15

what does the overall pressure at the venule end result in

Answer 15

water moving back into capillary via osmosis

Question 16

what happens to excess tissue fluid

Answer 16

drained into lymphatic system

Question 17

what is the lymphatic system made up of

Answer 17

lymph vessels and capillaries

Question 18

what is tissue fluid called when it is drained into the lymphatic system

Answer 18

lymph

Question 19

how does the lymphatic system return the lymph to the blood

Answer 19

passes into lymph vessels with valves preventing back flow, gradually moving towards lymph vessels in the thorax and then returned near the heart

Question 20

where are red blood cells found

Answer 20

only in blood

Question 21

why are red blood cells not in tissue fluid or lymph

Answer 21

too large to get through capillary walls

Question 22

where are white blood cells found

Answer 22

mainly in the blood and lymph and sometimes tissue fluid

Question 23

when are white blood cells present in tissue fluid

Answer 23

when theres an infection

Question 24

where are platelets found

Answer 24

only in blood

Question 25

what circumstances are platelets found in tissue fluid

Answer 25

when capillaries are damaged

Question 26

where are proteins found

Answer 26

in the blood, in lymph as antibodies

Question 27

why are there very little proteins in tissue fluid

Answer 27

too large

Question 28

where is water found

Answer 28

blood, lymph and tissue fluid

Question 29

does blood or tissue fluid have a higher potential? and why?

Answer 29

tissue fluid: less solutes

Question 30

where are dissolved solutes found

Answer 30

blood, water and lymph