Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Tissue Engineering > Tissue Engineering > Flashcards

Tissue Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Define transplantation crisis.

A

Shortage of donor tissues and organs available for transplantation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define transplant rejection.

A

Process in which a transplant recipients’ immune system attacks the transplanted organ tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four basic types of tissue?

A

Muscle, nervous, epithelial and connective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the three different types of muscle tissue.

A

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis and hypodermis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three essential components of tissue?

A

Cells, extracellular matrix and soluble factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define cell transplantation and give one advantage and disadvantage.

A

Cells are seeded into scaffolds. Pro: heals faster and more effectively. Con: issues with ideal cell source and off the shelf availability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does a manipulation host cell do?

A

Recruits the hosts’ own cells to an acellular implant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the three different types of cells in terms of their regenerative capacity.

A

Labile (renewing) cells - multiply constantly.
Stable (expanding cells - only divide following stimulation.
Static (permanent) cells - lack the capacity to divide, eg heart muscle cells and neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the three different types of cell sources.

A

Autologous - patients own cells.
Allogeneic - from other human sources.
Xenogeneic - from a different species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give an advantage and disadvantage of an autologous cell source.

A

Pro: immunologically acceptable.
Con: Not readily available, donor site morbidity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give an advantage and disadvantage of an allogeneic cell source.

A

Pro: Readily available.
Con: Not always immunologically acceptable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give two disadvantages of xenogeneic cell sources.

A

Requires engineering immunological tissue.

Potential animal virus transmission.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define a stem cell.

A

An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the three types of stem cells.

A

Totipotent - become any cell.
Pluripotent - any cell other than reproductive.
Multipotent - only a few types.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the four sources of stem cells.

A

Embryonic stem cells.
Induced pluoripotent stem cells.
Adult stem cells.
Fetal stem cells.

17
Q

Name the three germ layers.

A

Ectoderm (inner) - skin, hair, brain, spinal cord.
Endoderm (middle) - lung, liver, pancreas.
Mesoderm (outer) - skeleton, muscles, connective tissue, heart, blood vessels, kidney, sexual organs.

18
Q

What are two key features of embryonic stem cells?

A

Pluripotent.

Able to replicate indefinitely while retaining their undifferentiated pluripotent state.

19
Q

Name some advantages and disadvantages of embryonic stem cells.

A

Pros: ease of purification, potential to form all cell types in the body.
Cons: Risk of teratoma formation, immunologic rejection, ethical concerns.

20
Q

What are adult stem cells?

A

Undifferentiated cells that are found in differentiated adult tissues.

21
Q

What are the three types of bone marrow stem cells and what do they give rise to?

A

Hematopoietic - all blood cell types.
Mesenchymal - variety of cells from mesodermal lineages.
Enothelial progenitor - endothelial cells.

22
Q

Name three sources of fetal stem cells.

A

Amniotic fluid, placenta and cord blood.

23
Q

Name some advantages and disadvantages of fetal stem cells.

A

Pros: ease of procurement, abundant source, no ethical concerns, higher capacity to proliferate and less immunogenic than adult stem cells.
Cons: limited number of cells.

24
Q

Why are 3D scaffolds developed?

A

As temporary substitutes to grow cells in an organised fashion.

25
Q

Name 7 scaffold requirements.

A
  1. Large surface area/volume ratio.
  2. Biocompatible
  3. Mechanically strong and stiff
  4. Specific shape
  5. Physical guidance or patterning, topographic cues
  6. Degrade at the same rate as tissue formation
  7. Ability to incorporate drug releasing component
26
Q

Name five methods for manufacturing porous scaffolds.

A
  1. Solvent casting and particulate leaching.
  2. Gas forming.
  3. Freeze drying.
  4. Hydrogel.
  5. Rapid protoyping.
27
Q

Define extracellular matrix.

A

A complex chemically and physically cross-linked network of proteins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. It is a fiber-reinforced matrix with fiber forming elements and various space filling molecules.

28
Q

What is the ECM made of?

A

Proteins, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans.

29
Q

What is integrin?

A

Transmembrane receptor on cells for binding ECM proteins.

30
Q

What is a ligand?

A

Cell binding site an ECM molecule.

31
Q

What is RGD?

A

Cell attachment site of many adhesive proteins.

32
Q

What are two types of drug delivery?

A

Hydrophobic nanoparticles/microspheres.

Affinity based drug delivery.

33
Q

Define entrapment efficiency.

A

weight of drug entrapped/total drug added

34
Q

Define loading efficiency.

A

weight of drug/total weight of carrier system

Tissue Engineering (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions