Tissue Booklet Flashcards
what does anatomy mean
bone and muscle structures of the body
describe anatomical position
body is erect with the arms at sides and palms facing forward
what does anterior mean
nearer to the front of the body
what does posterior mean
nearer to the back of the body
what does superior mean
above another portion of the body
what does inferior mean
below another portion of the body
what does medial mean
closer to the midline of the body
what does lateral mean
farther away from the midline of the body
what does proximal mean
closer to the center of the body
what does distal mean
farther from the center of the body
what are the terms proximal and distal used to describe
limbs
what does superficial mean
closer to the surface of the body
what does deep mean
lies inwards of the surface and is more internal
whats the median plane
plane closer to the midline of the body dividing it into equal left and right halves
whats the sagittal plane
divides the body into unequal vertical parts
whats the frontal/coronal plane
divides body into equal or unequal front and back parts
whats the transverse/horizontal plane
divides body into equal or unequal upper and lower parts
whats the bodies center of gravity
the belly button
what is osteology
the study of bones
what are the 6 functions of bones
support, protection, attachment, leverage, mineral storage, production of red blood cells
how many bones are there in the human body
206
whats the axial skeleton
bones oriented along midline of the body
how many bones make up the axial skeleton
80
whats the appendicular skeleton
bones in the appendices
how many bones in the appendicular skeleton and how many in the upper and lower parts of the body
126 total, 64 upper, 62 lower
what are the four types of bones
long, short, flat, and irregular
whats the epiphysis
end of the bone
whats the diaphysis
shaft of the bone
whats cartilage
thin layer of pliable tissue that covers the ends of bones
whats spongy bone
tiny beams of bone forming a lattice truss that makes up the ends of bones
whats the periosteum
out edges of the bone that gives it its strength
whats compact bone
several layers of solid bone tissue
whats yellow marrow
hollow center that lightens bone weight
whats the nutrient artery
artery that supplies nutrients to the shaft of the bone
whats the epiphysis line
commonly known as the growth plate; produces spongey bone to make bone longer
what is a joint
a connection of two or more bones
whats arthrology
study of joints
what are the three classifications of joints
fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
whats a fibrous joint
bones attached by fibrous connective tissue that permits no movement
whats a cartilaginous joint
bones connected by cartilage that permit little or no movement
whats a synovial joint
joint capped by cartilage that promotes lots of movement
what are the 6 types of synovial joints
ball and socket, hinge, saddle, ellipsoid, pivot, and gliding
whats a ball and socket joint
ball-like bone that fits into a socket; permits all movements
whats a hinge joint
c shaped bone that swings around another bone and permits limited movement
whats a saddle joint
concave surfaces of two bones that articulate with one another; all movements are possible but rotation is limited
what is the only saddle joint in the body
the thumb
whats an ellipsoid joint
a reducted ball and socket where rotation is not permitted
whats a pivot joint
ring of bones that rotate around a process of bone that limits movement to rotation only
whats a gliding joint
two opposed flat surfaces of bone that can only glide across each other
whats fascia
thing fibrous envelope for skeletal muscle
whats a ligament
connects bone to bone
whats a tendon
fibrous ends of muscles made of muscular tissues that connect muscle to bone
whats cartilage
tissue that protects bones from rubbing against other bones
whats bursae
fluid fill sac in or close to joining to stop friction between bones
whats adipose tissue
layer of fat
whats bone
layer of hard tissue
whats the peristinium
hard layer of tissue around bones
what injuries are possible to fascia
cuts, scrapes and lacerations
what can you do to injure a ligament
dislocate a joint, sprain the ligament or tear it
tendon injuries
tendonitis, ruptured tendon, strained tendon
cartilage injuries
chondromalacia (patella tracking issue), meniscus tear, locking and giving away in the knee
bursae injuries
bursitis
how can you injure bones
fracture them
whats flexion
when the angle between two bones decreases to become less than 180°
whats extension
angle between two bones increases to 180°
whats hyperextension
joint going beyond anatomic position and reaching greater than 180°
whats rotation
when a body part revolves on its axis moving throughout 180°
whats circumduction
circular motion where the joint moves through 360°
whats supination
palms facing upwards/forwards
whats pronation
palms facing downwards/backwards
whats inversion
sole of foot roles in towards other foot
whats eversion
sole of foot roles outwards away from the other foot
whats abduction
moving away from the midline
whats adduction
moving towards the midline
whats dorsiflexion
pulling toes towards the shin
whats plantarflexion
point toes downwards towards the ground
whats protraction
rolling something forward
whats retraction
pulling something back
what two joints do protraction and retraction apply to
jaw and shoulder blades
what type of joints use flexion and extension movements
hinge joints
what are the five things required in order to return to play after an injury
100% pain-free, 100% range of motion, strength has to be equal on both sides, physiologically ready, doctors note saying you are good to play
whats a major injury
life-threatening injury that causes permanent damage and usually needs you to call 911
whats a minor injury
injury that doesn’t cause permanent damage and can usually be treated by trainers
whats range of motion
the full movement potential of a joint
whats active movement
the ability to use your muscles to perform a movement
whats passive movement
movement done by another person
whats physiology
the study of the way body parts function
whats pathology
the study of the causes and effects of a disease or injury
whats homeostasis
maintaining of internal stability/equilibrium; when your body is in balance
whats an acute injury
a sudden traumatic incident resulting in bleeding and swelling
whats a chronic injury
something that never heals proper.y
whats a recurrent injury
injuries that heal but leave body structures weak so they are more susceptible to re-injury
whats a congenital injury
something you are born with
what are the fice anatomical pairings
anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, superior/inferior, proximal/distal, superficial/deep
