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Anatomy and Physiology I > Tissue > Flashcards

Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of connections between cells

A
  1. tight junctions
  2. gap junctions
  3. anchoring junctions
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2
Q

tight junction

A

separates the cells into apical and basal compartments

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3
Q

Anchoring junctions

A

help to stabilize epithelial tissues

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4
Q

3 types of anchoring junctions

A
  1. desmosomes
  2. hemidesmosomes
  3. adherens
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5
Q

desmosomes

A

occur in patches on the membranes of cells

-these patches are structural proteins on the inner surface of the cells membranes

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6
Q

what are the adhesion molecules that are embedded withing the patches of desmosomes and what molecules do they connect to

A

cadherin attaches to other cadherins

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7
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

link cells to the extracellular matrix

-their adhesion molecule is called integrins

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8
Q

Adheren junctions

A

use either cadherins or integrins

-these junctions are characterized by the presence of actin

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9
Q

gap junction

A

forms a intercellular passageway between the membranes of adjacent cells to allow for movement of particles between he cytoplasm and other cells

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10
Q

endothelium

A

lines the vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system and made from simple squamous

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11
Q

mesothelium

A

simple squamous forms the surface layer of serous membranes, forms the lining on the pleural cavity, pericardium, and the mediastinum

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12
Q

what are the 5 types of simple ducts

  1. (two alceolar)
  2. (3 tubular
A
  1. simple alveolar
  2. simple branched alveolar
  3. simple tubular
  4. simple coiled tubular
  5. simple branched tubular
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13
Q

what are the 3 compound ducts

A
  1. compound alveolar
  2. compound tubuloaveolar
  3. compound tubular
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14
Q

simple alveolar ducts

A

not found in adults

a stage in the development of simple branched galnds

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15
Q

simple branched alveolar

A

sebaceous glands

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16
Q

simple tubular

A

intestinal glands

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17
Q

simple coiled tubular

A

merocrine sweat glands

18
Q

simple branched tubular

A

gastric glands, and mucous glands of esophagus, tongue, and duodenum

19
Q

compound alveolar ducts

A

mammary glands

20
Q

compound tubuloalveolar

A

salivary glands, glands of respiratory passages, and pancreas

21
Q

compound tubular

A

mucous glands in mouth, bulbourethral glands and testes

22
Q

what is the most common type of exocrine secretion

A

merocrine

23
Q

merocrine secretion

A

secretions are enclosed in vesicles that move to the apical surface of the cell where contents are released by exocytosis

24
Q

apocrine secretion

A

secretory contents pinch off from the cell and are released

-sweat glands in the armpit

25
Q

holocrine secretion

A

rupture and destruction of the entire gland cell

-sebaceous glands that produce oils on the skin and hair

26
Q

serous gland

A

produces water blood plasma like secretions rich in enzymes

27
Q

mucous glands

A

released watery to viscous products rich in the glycoprotein mucin

28
Q

what are the 3 broad categories of connective tissue

A
  1. connective tissue proper
  2. supportive connective tisue
  3. fluid connective tissue
29
Q

what are the 2 types of tissue within connective tissue proper and what are included in them

A
  1. Loose connective tissue
    - areolar
    - adipose
    - reticular
  2. dense connective tissue
    - regular elastic
    - irregular elastic
30
Q

what are the different types of supportive connective tissue and what are examples

A
  1. cartilage
    - hyaline
    - fibrocartilage
    - elastic
  2. bones
    - compact bone
    - cancellous bone
31
Q

what are the 2 fluid types of connective tissue

A
  1. blood

2. lymph

32
Q

where are mast cells found and what do they do

A
  1. found on connective tissue proper
  2. contain chemical signals histamine and heparin
  3. when damaged, it relases histamine which causes vasodialation and increased blood flow at the injured site
33
Q

what is the first connective tissue to form in the embryo

A

mesenchyme

34
Q

what is a mesenchymal cell and where is it located

A
  1. multipotent adult stem cell that can differentiate into any type of connective tissue cells needed for repair or healing
  2. in connective tissue proper
35
Q

what fibers are secreted by fibroblasts

A

collagen fibers
elastic fibers
reticular fibers

36
Q

what is an example of dense irregular connective tissue

A

the dermis

37
Q

what are the cells of the cardiac muscle known as

A

cardiomyocytes

38
Q

what types of junctions do intercalated discs have

A

anchoring and gap

39
Q

Astrocytes

A

responsible for the blood brain barrier, regulation of ion concentration,

star shaped

40
Q

oligodendrocyte

A

produce myelin in the CNS

41
Q

schwann cell

A

produces myelin for the PNS

42
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

Anatomy and Physiology I (1 decks)

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