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Tissue Repair > Tissue > Flashcards

Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is nervous tissue responsible for?

A

Internal communication and control

Hallmarks: irritable, conductive

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2
Q

Where is nervous tissue found?

A

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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3
Q

What is the primary function of muscle tissue?

A

Contracts to cause movement

Hallmarks: irritable, contractile

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4
Q

What are the types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

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5
Q

What does epithelial tissue do?

A

Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters

Hallmarks: one free (apical) surface, avascular

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6
Q

Where can epithelial tissue be found?

A

Lining of GI tract and other hollow organs, skin surface (epidermis)

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7
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

Supports, protects, binds other tissues together

Hallmarks: extracellular matrix, varying vascularity

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8
Q

What are examples of connective tissue?

A

Cartilage, bones, tendons, fat and other soft padding tissue

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9
Q

What are the two major ways tissue repair occurs?

A

By regeneration and by fibrosis

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10
Q

What is regeneration in tissue repair?

A

Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

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11
Q

What is fibrosis in tissue repair?

A

Repair by dense (fibrous) connective tissue, forming scar tissue

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12
Q

What factors influence the type of tissue repair?

A

The type of tissue damaged and the severity of the injury

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13
Q

What is the body’s general response to tissue injury?

A

Inflammation, which attempts to prevent further injury

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14
Q

What is the immune response in tissue injury?

A

A specific response that mounts an attack against recognized invaders

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15
Q

How do cuts heal compared to ragged tears?

A

Cuts (incisions) heal much more successfully than ragged tears of the tissue.

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16
Q

What initiates the healing process after tissue injury?

A

Tissue injury sets off a series of events, starting with inflammation.

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17
Q

What role do inflammatory chemicals play in healing?

A

Inflammatory chemicals released by injured tissue cells make capillaries very permeable.

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18
Q

What happens to fluid during the healing process?

A

Fluid rich in clotting proteins seeps into the injured area from the bloodstream.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the clot formed during healing?

A

The leaked clotting proteins construct a clot that ‘plugs the hole’ to stop blood loss.

20
Q

What is granulation tissue?

A

Granulation tissue is delicate pink tissue composed largely of new capillaries that grow into the damaged area.

21
Q

What cells are found in granulation tissue?

A

Granulation tissue contains phagocytes and fibroblasts.

22
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts in healing?

A

Fibroblasts produce the building blocks of collagen fibers (scar tissue) to bridge the gap.

23
Q

What is a contracture?

A

A contracture is a permanent tightening of the skin affecting the underlying tendons or muscles.

24
Q

How do contractures develop?

A

Contractures develop during the healing process as inelastic fibrous tissue replaces normal elastic connective tissues.

25
Q

What is the final result of the healing process?

A

The final result is a fully regenerated surface epithelium that covers an underlying area of fibrosis (the scar).

26
Q

How does the ability to regenerate vary among tissue types?

A

Epithelial tissues regenerate beautifully, while cardiac muscle and nervous tissue regenerate poorly.

27
Q

What is the significance of scar tissue?

A

Scar tissue is strong but lacks the flexibility of most normal tissues.

28
Q

What happens to muscle and nerve tissue after growth stages?

A

Muscle and nerve tissue are largely amitotic after the growth stages are over.

29
Q

What is the importance of cell division during childhood and adolescence?

A

Cell division is extremely important during the body’s growth period, with most cells undergoing mitosis until the end of puberty.

30
Q

What happens to epithelial membranes as the body ages?

A

Epithelial membranes thin and are more easily damaged, leading to loss of skin elasticity and sagging.

31
Q

What changes occur in exocrine glands as the body ages?

A

Exocrine glands become less active, producing less oil, mucus, and sweat.

32
Q

What is the term for cells that routinely divide?

A

Mitotic cells are those that routinely divide, such as skin and intestinal cells.

33
Q

What happens to liver cells as they age?

A

Liver cells stop dividing but retain the ability to divide if some of them die or become damaged.

34
Q

What changes occur in connective tissue structures with age?

A

Bones become porous and weaken, tissue repair slows, and muscles begin to waste away.

35
Q

What is amitotic tissue?

A

Amitotic tissues are those that lose their ability to divide when fully mature, such as heart muscle and nervous tissue.

36
Q

What is a major factor contributing to the aging process?

A

Decreased efficiency of the circulatory system reduces nutrient and oxygen delivery to body tissues.

37
Q

What happens to cardiac muscle after severe heart attacks?

A

Damaged cardiac muscle does not regenerate and is replaced by scar tissue, weakening the heart.

38
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of proliferating cells that cannot contract, resulting from uncontrolled cell division.

39
Q

What are the two types of neoplasms?

A

Neoplasms may be benign or malignant (cancerous).

40
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

Hyperplasia is the enlargement of certain body tissues due to local irritants or conditions stimulating the cells.

41
Q

What is an example of hyperplasia?

A

A woman’s breasts enlarge during pregnancy in response to increased hormones.

This is a normal but temporary situation.

42
Q

What is atrophy?

A

Atrophy is a decrease in size of an organ or body area that loses its normal stimulation.

43
Q

What is an example of atrophy?

A

The muscles of a broken leg atrophy while in a cast during the healing period.

44
Q

What are some theories about the aging process?

A

Theories include cumulative effects of chemical insults, external physical factors, and a built-in aging ‘clock’ in our genes.

45
Q

What is a common observation about aging?

A

Certain traits related to aging can run in families, such as appearance differences among individuals of the same age.

Tissue Repair (2 decks)

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