TIP 35 Key Terms Flashcards
What is addiction?
The most severe form of SUD, associated with compulsive or uncontrolled use of one or more substances. Addiction is a chronic brain disease that has the potential for both recurrence (relapse) and recovery.
SUD stands for Substance Use Disorder.
Define alcohol misuse.
The use of alcohol in any harmful way, including use that constitutes alcohol use disorder (AUD).
AUD refers to a medical condition defined by specific criteria.
What is alcohol use disorder (AUD)?
A diagnosis applicable to a person who uses alcohol and experiences at least 2 of the 11 symptoms in a 12-month period. Key aspects include loss of control, continued use despite adverse consequences, tolerance, and withdrawal.
AUD replaces terms like ‘alcohol abuse’ and ‘alcohol dependence’ from DSM-IV.
What are health-risk behaviors?
Any behavior that increases the risk of disease or injury, such as tobacco or alcohol use, unsafe sexual practices, and nonadherence to prescribed medication regimens.
These behaviors can contribute to the development of SUDs.
Define recovery.
A process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential. Person is “in recovery” when these positive changes and values become part of a voluntarily adopted lifestyle.
Recovery includes REMISSION-overcoming severe and chronic SUDs and regaining health and social function.
What is recurrence in the context of substance use?
An instance of substance use that occurs after a period of abstinence.
The terms ‘recurrence’ or “return to use” are preferred over ‘relapse’ to avoid negative connotations.
What does relapse mean?
A return to substance use after a significant period of abstinence.
(OUTDATED LANGUAGE) Relapse indicates a setback in the recovery process.
Define substance.
A psychoactive compound with the potential to cause health and social problems, including SUDs and their most severe manifestation, addiction.
Substances can vary widely, including legal and illegal drugs.
What is substance misuse?
The use of any substance in a manner, situation, amount, or frequency that can cause harm to users or to those around them.
For some individuals, any use may be considered misuse. (Underage individuals/injection drug use)
Define substance use.
The use—even one time—of any of the substances listed in the exhibit. CARDS 14+
This includes both legal and illegal substances.
What is substance use disorder (SUD)?
A medical illness caused by repeated misuse of a substance or substances, characterized by clinically significant impairments in health, social function, and impaired control over substance use, diagnosed by assessing cognitive, behavioral and psychological symptoms.
SUDs range from mild to severe and from temporary to chronic.
What factors influence the development of SUD?
Factors include:
* The substance itself
* The genetic vulnerability of the user
* The amount, frequency, and duration of the misuse
These factors interact in complex ways to affect an individual’s risk.
Fill in the blank: A severe SUD is commonly called an _______.
addiction
What typically leads to the development of SUDs?
Repeated misuse of substances
SUDs stands for Substance Use Disorders.
What changes in the brain are associated with SUDs?
Changes in brain circuits governing:
* incentive salience
* reward
* stress
* executive functions
Incentive salience relates to the ability of substance-associated cues to trigger substance seeking.
What is incentive salience?
The ability of substance-associated cues to trigger substance seeking
Incentive salience is a key factor in the motivation to seek substances.
Which executive functions are affected by SUDs?
Decision making and self-control
These functions are crucial for managing behaviors and impulses.
True or False: SUDs develop suddenly after a single misuse.
False
SUDs typically develop gradually over time.
SUBSTANCE CATEGORY
ALCOHOL
What is beer?
A fermented beverage made from grains, primarily barley, hops, water, and yeast.
Beer is one of the oldest beverages produced by humans.
What is wine?
An alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes or other fruits.
Wine can be classified into several categories, including red, white, and rosé.
What is malt liquor?
A type of beer that has a higher alcohol content and is brewed with malted barley and corn or other grains.
Malt liquor is often sweeter and has a lighter body compared to traditional beers.
What are distilled spirits?
Alcoholic beverages that are produced by distillation, which increases their alcohol content.
Examples include whiskey, vodka, rum, and gin.
SUBSTANCE CATEGORY
ILLICIT DRUGS
What are the different types of cocaine?
Cocaine, including crack
Cocaine is a powerful stimulant drug that can come in various forms, with crack being a smokable form of cocaine.
Name a type of opioid drug.
Heroin
Heroin is a highly addictive opioid that is derived from morphine.
List examples of hallucinogens.
- LSD
- POP
- Ecstasy
- Peyote
- Mescaline
- Psilocybin
Hallucinogens alter perception, mood, and various cognitive processes.
What is a common form of methamphetamine?
Crystal meth
Crystal meth is a potent form of methamphetamine that is usually smoked.
Marijuana, including Hashish
Hashish
Hashish is a concentrated form of cannabis made from the resin of the marijuana plant.
synthetic drugs
K2, Spice, and ‘bath salts’
prescription-type medications used for nonmedical purposes
Pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, sedatives
These medications are often misused for their psychoactive effects.
Pain relievers
Synthetic, semi-synthetic and non-synthetic opioid medications:
-Fentanyl
-codeine
-Oxycodone
-hydrocodone
-tramadol products
Fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opioid that is significantly stronger than morphine.
What are examples of tranquilizers?
- Benzodiazepines
- Meprobamate products
- Muscle relaxants
Tranquilizers are used to reduce anxiety and induce calmness.
List some stimulants and methamphetamine products.
- Amphetamine
- Dextroamphetamine
- Phentermine
- Mazindol products
- Methylphenidate products
- Dexmethylphenidate products
Stimulants are often prescribed for ADHD and other conditions.
What are examples of sedatives?
- Temazepam
- Flurazepam
- Triazolam
- Barbiturates
Sedatives are used to induce sleep and relaxation.
SUBSTANCE CATEGORY
OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
What are cough and cold medicines?
Medicines used to relieve symptoms of cough and colds
Cough and cold medicines can include various over-the-counter medications that help alleviate symptoms such as congestion, coughing, and runny nose.
What are inhalants?
Substances that are inhaled to achieve a psychoactive effect
Inhalants can include a variety of substances such as amyl nitrite, cleaning fluids, gasoline, lighter gases, anesthetics, solvents, spray paint, and nitrous oxide.
Name three examples of inhalants.
- Amyl nitrite
- Cleaning fluids
- Gasoline
Inhalants can be legal household products or illegal substances used to get high.
True or False: Nitrous oxide is considered an inhalant.
True
Nitrous oxide is commonly used as an anesthetic and in some recreational contexts.
