Tinklepaugh, Maier, misc. Flashcards
Tinklepaugh and the Wisconsin General Test Apparatus
Concept formation in lower animals:
Black bowl & white bowl—vary which colors signal food, change position
Change stimulus—car and doll; square and triangle
No matter how many pairs, you put up, it only makes 1 mistake
Concept of win-stay, lose-shift when no food
Concept formation
Ran out of banana chips, switched to lettuce–Didn’t work as well – reinforcer contrast
Reinforcer Contrast
Just because something is a reinforcer compared to nothing, it doesn’t mean it’s a reinforcer compared to other reinforcers
Similar to overshadowing CC
NRF Maier
Lashley Jumping Stand
Doors of cardboard, Labeled X & O, Platform, Net
One door is unlocked, cardboard falls and through gets to food
Locked door, rat fall into the net
Fixed apparatus
Randomized what was open
Rats stopped jumping
Maier put shock grid on platform
Became catatonic—fall into the net and wait to be picked up
***most interesting part of study—NOT normal rat behavior
you could actually put the rat on its back with paws in the air for a short time—could also move it similar to waxy flexibility, short-term
“Learned Helplessness”
first discussed using Korean war data with POW’s [Later Seligman with attributions Korean POW’s]
Very difficult getting rid of it—needed extensive reinforcement and shaping
“Grandma’s Rule”
Premack Principle: More probable behavior reinforces less probable behavior
Grandma: “you can go out to play after you practice piano”
