Timeline Of Events Flashcards
What happened September 1658?
Oliver Cromwell dies
What did Oliver Cromwell do prior to his death in September 1658?
Oliver Cromwell appointed his son, Richard, as the successor to the title of Lord Protectorate. He did so on the morning of his death.
Name the strengths and weaknesses of Richard Cromwell.
Strengths
- he had legitimacy as the successor to Cromwell
- he had previous parliamentary experience
Weaknesses
- he had a bad reputation
- he had no significant military holdings
- he lacked preparation
- had no clear religious position
What two things happened on May 7th 1659?
- Richard Cromwell resigned as Lord Protectorate.
- The Rump parliament was recalled
Why did Richard Cromwell fail as Lord Protectorate?
- Structural issues: the Army was entrenched in Parliament
- Lacked authority over the NMA
- Personal failures: Richard lacked the authority and influence he needed to
What happened on the 13th May 1659?
Lambert presented the “Humble petition and Address of the officers”.
This was a new constitution for the rump.
What did the “Humble petition and Address of the officers” propose? And what happened?
- a republican system
- creation of a senate
There was no agreement made over the events.
What happened August 1659?
General Booths uprising
What did General Booths uprising show?
It shows that the republic has failed. Since it requires so much effort to oppose the NMA.
Describe the events of General Booths uprising
General Booth was discontent with the Protectorate
- led mass Royalist uprising
- around 4,000 soldiers
Lambert arranged forces against Booth on the 5th of August
- around 1,200 horse
- 3,000 foot
Royalists were easily suppressed due to their lack of Ammunition
What happened on the 12th of October 1659?
The Rump expelled Army grandees
- reduced from 50 to 15 members
- Lambert and 9 other generals were expelled
What happened on the 13th of October 1659?
Lambert successfully makes his way to London and dissolves the rump.
What happened on the 27th of October 1659?
The committee of safety, the Army appoints an interim Government full of Grandees
What happened between October and December 1659?
- the Army loses control
- Army divisions emerge
What happens on January 1st 1660?
General Monck advances, with his Scottish Army, in an attempt to dissolve the Rump.
- around 10,000 men
Why did the Battle on the 1st of January 1660 not take place?
Lamberts army dissolved prior to the fight
Why?
- Lamberts soldiers did not want to fight against their ex-commander, Fairfax who had returned from retirement to support Booth
- Lamberts Army also lacked morale, the same principles used for the 1st C.W. did not have the same impact during the 2nd C.W.
What happened on the 3rd of February 1660?
Monck arrived in London to recall Long Parliament.
All members appointed in 1640, are re-appointed.
What happened on the 16th of March 1660?
Long Parliament dissolve themselves.
With the encouragement of Monck, they are dissolved so new, more representative, members can be appointed.
What happened on the 4th of April 1660?
The Declaration of Breda was announced by Charles II.
What did the declaration of Breda include? Why was it so successful?
Terms:
- limited amnesties to all (with a few regicides)
- liberty of conscience
- Parliament would resolve Land disputes
- all of Moncks soldiers would be paid
Successful:
- moderate and timely
- made the restoration feasible to many
What happened on the 25th of April 1660?
The Convention Parliament sits, majority moderates.
What happens on the 8th of May 1660?
The treaty of Breda was accepted. Charles II was announced as rightful King.
What happened on the 14th of May 1660?
Parliament orders the arrest of the remaining regicides
What happened on the 26th and 29th of May 1660?
26th: Charles II arrives in Dover
29th: arrives in London with a joyous public response
What were the factors that caused the restoration of Charles II?
Most important:
1. Failure of the Republic to find an alternative
2. Role of general monck
3. Collapse in the NMA authority
4. Role of the convention parliament
5. Role of Charles II
