Timeline Of American West Flashcards
When did the Mormons form their ‘holy city’ in Illinois?
1839
what did the mormons call their city they built in illinois 1839?
Nauvoo
what does the mormon ‘zion’ mean?
the mormon ‘holy city’
when did the mormons go to missouri, independence?
1837
when were the translations of the inscriptions published in the book of mormon?
1830
the mormon army became 2000 strong by what year?
1842
when was the book of mormon published?
1830
within a year, how many new members of his religion had smith recruited?
1000
what was the name of the mormons secret police force they formed in 1837?
the Danites
when was the economic depression and the collapse of the mormon bank?
1837
what were the effects of the economic depression in 1837?
collapse of many banks in east
wages fell
unemployment rose
the collapse of the mormon bank in kirtland therefore many people lost their savings
when did the mormons form the Danites, their secret police force?
1837
why did the mormons form the Danites in 1837?
voilence increased in Missouri, they were there
what was the name of the angel that Joseph Smith was supposedly visited by?
Moroni
how many years after joseph smiths vision did he secretly translate the inscriptions on the gold plates?
four
why did non mormons attack mormons in 1837?
the collapse of the mormon bank caused them to lose their savings
this drove mormons out of Kirtland
what city was the mormon ‘zion’ (first holy city)?
when was this set up as the mormon zion?
Kirtland, ohio
1831
what is the official name of the mormon religion?
T C O J C O T L D S
the church of jesus christ of the latter day saints
what year was joseph smiths vision of Moroni?
1823
what was the ‘permanent indian frontier’?
when the US government decided that indian tribes could freely inabit the great plains
what year was the permanent indian frontier decided?
1832
what year was the oregon trail established?
1843
who built fort bridger on the oregon trail?
jim bridger, a former mountain man
what did the store on fort bridger enable?
travellers could purchase supplies and could repair their wagons in the workshop
when was the ‘great migration’
1843
during the ‘great migration’ how many people headed west to oregon?
about 1000
when was joseph smith murdered?
1844
Joseph smith and his brother were both shot in 1844 while imprisioned, why were they imprisioned?
they destroyed a printing press
what year did manifest destiny begin?
1845
what was the phrase used to describe the belief that white americans had the right to occupy north america?
manifest destiny
what date did the mormons move to salt lake city?
1846-1847
Brigham Young decided to take the mormons away from the east to salt lake city. Why?
they faced persecution in the east therefore they needed to build a new life
what year was gold first discovered in california? (gold rush)
1848
who first discovered the gold in 1848?
James marshall, a carpenter
how many people from the east flocked to california during the gold rush?
90,000
people in the gold rush who arrived in california in 1849 became known as what?
the forty-niners
what year was the perpetual emigration fund?
1849
why did the mormons set up the perpetual emigration fund in 1849?
to encourage mormons from britain, europe and other parts of america to move to slc
what was the perpetual emigration fund?
economic assistance to individuals who wanted to move to salt lake city
when was the stage coach established?
1850
who established the stage coach in 1850?
Wells Fargo
what was the purpose of the stagecoach?
it enabled travellers to pay to be transported
Allan Pinkerton set up which private company?
Pinkertonians
why did stagecoach and railroad companies hire the pinkertonians company?
to provide protection and hunt down outlaws
what year was the first fort laramie treaty?
1851
what did the fort laramie treaty 1851 state?
indian homelands would belong to indians and they shall not be entered by white settlers
what year did the first homesteaders begin to move onto the great plains?
1854
what year was the mountain meadows massacre?
1857
what was massacred during the mountain meadows massacre 1857?
a wagon train of settlers from missouri
who did the government think was responsible for the mountain meadows massacre 1857?
they were convinced it was the mormons however the mormons claimed it was the indians
Utah couldn’t become a state of the USA until…?
until polygamy ended
what years did the US civil war take place?
1861-1865
who won the US civil war 1861-1865, south or north?
north won
name one reason why the US civil war 1861-1865 happened
southern and northern states fought over the abolition of slavery
when was the first telegraph message?
1861
what year was the pacific railways act?
1862
the pacific railways act 1862 established two companies whose purpose was to….?
construct a railway across america
the union pacific railway was established in the east to build the railway where?
to build the railway to Missouri then head west
the central pacific railway built the railway from where?
from sacramento to the east
what year was the homestead act?
1862
what did the homestead act 1862 include?
offered anyone who wanted to settle west 160 acres of land for free if they build a home and farmed on the land for five years
which act in what year gave 160 acres of land for free if they build a home and farmed on the land for five years?
homestead act 1862
what year was the sand creek massacre?
1864
an armed force led by who attacked black kettle’s cheyenne camp at sand creek?
Colonel Chivington
why did colonel chivington attack black kettle’s cheyenne camp at sand creek massacre 1864?
it was punishment for the raids on wagon trains
how many people were killed and injured in the sand creek massacre 1864?
163 people
this included women and children
what year was the Goodnight-Loving trail established?
1866
why was the Goodnight-Loving trail established in 1866?
it was used in the cattle drives for the large-scale movement of texas longhorns
when was the first train robbery?
1866
name two gangs who carried out train robberies
butch cassidy and the wild bunch
what year was red clouds war?
1867
who was the sioux chief?
red cloud
why was red cloud angered in 1867? (two things)
white settlers started using the Bozeman trail which passed through Sioux hunting grounds so red cloud attacked them
a line of forts was constructed to protect the travellers so red cloud increased the attacks
what was the trail named that white settlers used that passed through the Sioux hunting ground?
the Bozeman Trail
what year was the medicine creek treaty?
1867
what happened within the medicine creek treaty 1867?
four indian tribes, including the cheyenne, agreed to give up their land and move to small reservations in the south east of the plains
four indian tribes moved to small reservations in the south east of the plains in what treaty?
1867 medicine creek treaty
when was Abilene founded?
1867
what was the actual name of the ‘cow town’?
Abilene
who founded the ‘cow town’ of Abilene?
Joseph McCoy, a chicago cattle dealer
when was the winter campaign?
1868
Custer carried out a surprise attack on Black Kettles village. It was called the Battle of Washita 1868, why was it a surprise?
because it was winter and indians never fought in winter (winter campaign) they were also sleeping so they didn’t have time to prepare
what year was the second fort laramie treaty?
1868
what was included in the second fort laramie treaty 1868?
it stated that the Sioux indian’s territory included the black hills of dakota and the bighorn mountains
what were the Sioux indians given in fort laramie 1868?
the black hills of dakota and the bighorn mountains
when was the railroad completed?
1869
when the transcontinental railway was completed in 1869 what ceremony was held?
the golden spike ceremony in Utah
what year did Abilene ban cowboys?
1872
why did abilene ban cowboys in 1872?
they were fed up with the lawlessness, drunkenness, brawls and gun fights
what year was the timber and culture act?
1873
what did the timber and culture act 1873 offer?
160 acres of land for free provided that at least 40 acres was planted with trees
the timber and culture act 1873 offered 160 acres of land for free only if…?
only if 40 acres of it was planted with trees
when was gold discovered in the black hills of dakota?
1874
what was the sacred land of the Sioux indians?
the black hills of dakota
when was barbed wire and turkey red wheat invented?
1874
who invented barbed wire?
joseph glidden
what was a postive of the invention of barbed wire?
large areas of land could be fenced at a reasonable price
what year was the battle of little bighorn?
1876
during the battle of little bighorn 1876 who did the army attack?
the indians camped in the valley of the little bighorn
when were custer and all his men killed?
in the battle of little bighorn 1876
what year was the desert land act?
1877
what did the desert land act 1877 enable farmer to do?
what was the catch?
enabled farmers to buy 640 acres of land at a cheap price
however the land was poor as there was little rainfall therefore irrigation schemes were needed to be able to farm on the land
what year did brigham young die?
1877
when did the US government launch more attacks on polygamy?
after the death of brigham young in 1877
what year was the lincoln county war?
1878
when did billy the kid become notorious as a gunfighter?
the lincoln county war 1878
when did fence cutting occur?
during the 1880s and 1890s
why did fence cutting happen in the 1880s and 1890s?
homesteaders cut them as they restricted their water supply
the death of billy the kid:
how
when
where
he was tracked down and shot by a sheriff named Pat Garrett
in 1881
in fort summer, new mexico
when was ‘the big freeze’?
1886-1887
name the effect of ‘the big freeze’ of 1886-1887
cattle and cowboys died
end of open range farming
what year was the dawes act?
1887
what did the dawes act 1887 do?
it split up most of the remaining indian land into 160 acre plots for white settlers
what year was the oklahoma land rush?
1889
what was the oklahoma land rush?
the US government opened 2 million acres in the former indian territory
in 1893 another 6 million acres were opened up
how many people were in the oklahoma land rush?
between 50,000 and 100,000
when did the mormons abolish polygamy?
1890
when did Utah become a state in the USA?
1896
why did utah become a state in 1896?
polygamy was abolished so they were allowed
what year was johnson county war?
1892
what year was wounded knee massacre?
1890
what happened in wounded knee massacre 1890?
a group of soldiers shot a group of Sioux indians at a reservation in wounded knee creek
how many people were killed in wounded knee massacre 1890?
153 people
what was the reservation in which soldiers opened fire on in wounded knee massacre 1890?
pine ridge reservation
why did johnson county war 1892 happen?
ranchers fought over cattle and land
