timeline and important laws Flashcards
1
Q
Monroe Doctrine
A
1823
2
Q
War with Mexico
A
1846
3
Q
Formation of the Republican Party
A
1854
4
Q
Top 5% of free adult males in 1860
A
Owned 53% of the wealth
5
Q
In 1860, the South had only
A
8% of US factories
6
Q
Homestead Act
A
1862
7
Q
Pacific Railroad Act
A
1862
8
Q
Homesteaders in the West by 1865
A
20,000
9
Q
Emancipation Proclamation
A
1863
10
Q
Seward rejects invitation to join France, Britain and Austria in an attempt to persuade Tsar Alexander II to be more sympathetic to Poland
A
1863
11
Q
Total dead in Civil War
A
600,000
12
Q
Lincoln’s 10% plan
A
1864
13
Q
Just one elected Southern president
A
In 50 years from 1864
14
Q
13th Amendment
A
1865
15
Q
Freedmen’s Bureau
A
1865
16
Q
Presidency of Johnson (1) (Republican)
A
1865-69
17
Q
Annual turnover of NY Stock Exchange in 1865
A
$6 billion
18
Q
Wade-Davis Bill (50%)
A
1865
19
Q
Percentage increase in wealth in the North during the 1860s
A
50%
20
Q
Black codes
A
1865-66
21
Q
Johnson vetoes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill
A
1866
22
Q
Seward demands the French withdraw from Mexico
A
1866
23
Q
Civil Rights Bill
A
1866
24
Q
KKK founded
A
1866
25
Military Reconstruction Bill
1867
26
Alaska purchased from Russia
1867
27
USA acquires Midway Island
1867
28
Tenure of Office Act
1867
29
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
1868
30
Burlingame Treaty with China
1868
31
14th Amendment
1868
32
Cotton in 1890 sold for...
half of it's 1860 price
33
Dominican Republic offers itself for colonisation
1869
34
Tweed and Tammany Hall
1869
35
Average Southerner's income 1870
2/3 of the Northern average
36
15th Amendment
1870
37
Transcontinental railroad
1870
38
Percentage of 'carpetbaggers' in the South
2%
39
All rebel states successfully readmitted
1870
40
Black officeholders in 1870
More than for the next 100 years
41
Immigrants during the 1870s
2.8 million
42
Protective tariff duties (Reconstruction Era)
As high as 50%
43
Presidency of Grant (Republican)
1869-77
44
First National Park at Yellowstone
1872
45
Britain pays $15.5 million in compensation for aiding the Confederacy
1872
46
Re-election of Grant
1872
47
Panic and depression
1873
48
Second gold rush in the Black Hills of Dakota
1874
49
Party workers employed by NY Customs House (Gilded Age)
1,000
50
Bribe paid to Roscoe Conkling by metal importers in 1874
$50,000
51
Whiskey Ring Scandal
1875
52
Great Sioux War
1876
53
Battle of Little Bighorn
1876
54
Boss Tweed exposed
1876
55
End of Reconstruction
1877
56
Great Railroad Strike
1877
57
South Carolina children in school by 1880
6x more than in 1870
58
Presidency of Hayes (Republican)
1877-81
59
Presidency of Garfield
1881-81 (assassinated)
60
Anti-Semitic riots in the south and west
1881
61
Presidency of Arthur
1881-85
62
US population in 1881...
50 million
63
Railroad carries 1 million passengers
1882
64
Standard Oil America's first trust
1882
65
Secretary of the Navy, William Hunt
1882
66
Chinese Exclusion Act
1882
67
Number of lynchings 1882 - 1899
2,500
68
Only ... of eligible black children enrolled in schools (Gilded Age)
2/5
69
Pendleton Act
1883
70
Supreme Court strikes down 1875 Civil Rights Act
1883
71
Immigrants during the Gilded Age
10 million
72
Presidency of Cleveland (1)
1885-89
73
Percentage of labour force in manufacturing and mechanical industries of foreign birth/parentage (Gilded Age)
56%
74
Haymarket bomb
1886
75
Knights of Labor membership by 1886
700,000
76
American Federation of Labor founded in...
1886
77
Number of labour strikes in 1886
1,400
78
Land Grants from federal government to railways
70 million hectares
79
American Protective Association set up
1887
80
Reservation land held by Native Americans in 1870
138 million hectares
81
Interstate Commerce Act
1887
82
Expanded treaty of friendship with Hawaii (Pearl Harbour)
1887
83
Dawes General Allotment Act
1887
84
Congress for Women's Rights
1888
85
Oklahoma Land Rush
1889
86
Pan-American Conference
1889
87
Presidency of Harrison
1890-93
88
Beginning of 'Jim Crow' laws
1890
89
McKinley Tariff
1890
90
Battle of Wounded Knee
1890
91
US Census Bureau declares end of the frontier
1890
92
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
1890
93
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
1890
94
1 in 7 Americans were foreign born in
1890
95
African Americans living in the South in 1890
90%
96
Pittsburgh Steelworkers' Strike
1892
97
Formation of the Populist party
1892
98
Anti-Saloon League formed
1892
99
Second Panic (unemployment hits 20%)
1893
100
Presidency of Cleveland (2)
1893-97
101
Pullman Strike
1894
102
Immigration Restriction League
1894
103
Cleveland intervenes in Venezuela
1895
104
Booker T. Washington's 'Atlanta Compromise'
1895
105
Amount spent by Mark Hanna on McKinley's campaign
$3 million
106
Gold Democrat Convention in Indiapolis
1896
107
In the 1896 election Bryan...
carried 22 states in the West and South, but lost by 100 electoral college votes
108
Plessy v Ferguson
1896 (separate but equal)
109
Cleveland removes the Silver Purchase Act
189 6
110
Presidency of McKinley
1897-1901
111
US did not fight in overseas wars until
1898
112
US annexes Hawaii
1898
113
Spanish American war
1898
114
US acquires Philippines, followed by four-year war of subjugation
1898
115
Black migration North and West during Gilded Age
Pratically doubled
116
Grandfather Clause introduced in Louisiana
1898
117
Amount spent on the 'Americanisation' of Native American children in 1899
$2.5 million
118
China Open Door Policy
1899
119
Number employed by the railroads 1900
1 million
120
Gold Standard Act
1900
121
US establishes a protectorate in Eastern Samoa
1900
122
Platt Amendment
1901
123
Members of the Populist Party in Congress 1891-1902
45
124
Presidency of T. Roosevelt
1901-09
125
Number of anti-trust prosecutions under Roosevelt
44
126
Anthracite Coal Strike
1902
127
US Troops leave Cuba
1902
128
Number of people killed in industrial disputes 1902 to 1904
198
129
(Progressive Era) Energy firm Dupont controlled...
85% of the nation's power
130
Roosevelt Corollary
1904
131
US takes over Panama Canal construction
1904
132
Lochner v New York
1904 (bakers given a maximum number of working hours)
133
Roosevelt intervenes in Russo-Japanese conflict
1905
134
Pure Food and Drug Act
1906
135
Hepburn Act
1906
136
Third Panic
1907
137
Root-Takahira Agreement with Japan
1908
138
Presidency of Taft
1909-13
139
Taft used the Sherman act more often in his four years...
than Roosevelt had in his seven
140
Number of anti-trust suits under Taft
80
141
W.E.B Du Bois sets up the NAACP
1909
142
Payne-Aldrich Act
1909
143
Fraction of urban population consisting of first or second generation immigrants in 1910
2/3
144
Roosevelt launches a tour promoting his 'new nationalism'
1910
145
In the progressive era, 50% of wealth was held by...
1% of the population
146
Taft sends marines to Nicaragua to stop a revolution
1912
147
Presidency of Wilson
1913-1921
148
Underwood Tariff
1913
149
Federal Income Tax
1913
150
Federal Reserve Act
1913
151
Rockefeller world's first billionaire
1913
152
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
1914
153
Federal Trade Commission
1914
154
Declaration of Neutrality (WWI)
1914
155
Possible loss of trade with belligerents in WWI
possible $100 million deficit
156
Wilson screens 'Birth of a Nation'
1915
157
'Luisitania' sunk
1915
158
1914-1916 exports...
doubled as a percentage of GDP
159
First Federal Child Labour Act
1916
160
Zimmerman Telegram
1917
161
Suffragists storm the White House
1917
162
US enters WWI
April 1917
163
African American migrants to North 1914-1918
500,000
164
By 1918 the allies had borrowed...
$7 billion from the USA
165
Wilson tours US to win support for League of Nations
1919
166
Senate refuses to join the League of Nations
1920
167
By 1920, the USA consumed...
70% of the world's oil
168
18th Amendment begins Prohibition
1920
169
19th Amendment grants women's suffrage
1920
170
Number of women in the workforce and higher education diminished in the...
1920s
171
In 1920, the Ford Factory in Detroit produced one car every...
10 seconds
172
Proportion of goods bought on hire purchase in the 1920s
50%
173
In the 1920s, for every four businesses that succeeded, ... failed
3
174
Sacco and Vaznetti Case
1921
175
Presidency of Harding
1921-23
176
Washington Disarmament Conference
1921
177
Emergency Quota Act
1921
178
Emergency Tariff Act
1921
179
American Birth Control League
1921
180
Budget and Accounting Act
1921
181
Fordney-McCumber Act
1922
182
Teapot Dome Scandal
1922
183
Presidency of Coolidge
1923-29
184
Number of banks folding every year during Coolidge's presidency
600
185
Dawes Plan
1924
186
Cessation of Japanese immigration
1924
187
National Origins Act
1924
188
'Monkey Trial'
1925
189
US troops withdraw from Nicaragua
1925
190
KKK membership in 1925
5 million
191
First female mayor
1926
192
Number of people who listened to the boxing match between Jack Dempsey and Gene Tunney in 1926
50 million
193
Average number of people at the cinema in one day during the 1920s
10 million
194
Fraction of homes with electricity in 1927
2/3
195
Gangland murders in Chicago 1927-30
227
196
Kellogg-Briand Pact
1928
197
In 1928, ... of US farmers were living in poverty
1/2
198
% of plate glass produced used by the car industry
75%
199
% of purchase price of shares borrowed in 1928
70%
200
Total shares sold in 1929
1.1 billion
201
Presidency of Hoover
1929-33
202
Number of people with cars in America 1929
27 million
203
US investment in Latin America 1929 vs 1924
doubled
204
Radio sets by 1929
12 million
205
Young plan
1929
206
Highways being constructed at ... miles per year by 1929
10,000 miles per year
207
In 1929, the largest 200 corporations held ... of the nation's wealth
20%
208
1929, prior to crash, percentage of people living near subsistence
70%
209
Wall Street Crash
October 1929
210
Drop in investment 1929-1933
90%
211
Amount wiped of value of American corporations on Black Tuesday
$14 billion
212
Number of extra women employed by 1930 since 1920
2 million
213
Medical schools allocated only ... percent of places to women in the 1920s
5%
214
Agricultural Marketing Act
1930
215
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
1930
216
Fall in exports due to Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
60%
217
Banks closing per day in 1932
40
218
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
1932
219
Revenue Act
1932
220
Bonus Army
1932
221
Number of homeless people in 1932
2 million
222
Inadvertent budget deficit by Hoover in 1932
4% GDP
223
North unemployment among black people during the Depression was ... the normal rate
twice
224
Presidency of FDR
1933-45
225
Prohibition abolished (21st amendment)
1933
226
Unemployment in 1933
25%
227
Number of Americans not getting enough to eat during the Depression
20 million
228
Unemployment was ... greater for African Americans during the Depression
6 times
229
FDR's inaugural address
March 1933
230
Emergency Banking Relief Act
March 1933
231
Amount returned to bank deposits by April 1933
$1 billion
232
NRA (National Recovery Administration), PWA (Public Works Administration)
June 1933
233
AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)
1933
234
Jobs created by the PWA
2 million
235
Securities Act creates the SCC
1934
236
Liberty League
1934
237
Indian Reorganisation Act reverses policy if assimilation
1934
238
Anti-lynching bills defeated in Congress
1934 and 1937
239
Amount for every family under the proposed 'Share Our Wealth' program of Huey Long
$2500
240
First Neutrality Act
1935
241
Wagner Act
1935
242
Social Security Act
1935
243
Banking Act
1935
244
'Sick Chicken' Case
1935
245
Zero bank failures for the first time in decades
1936
246
% of Americans opposed to involvement in WWII in 1937
95%
247
'Quarantine Speech'
1937
248
Japan invades China
1937
249
Mexicans nationalise half of American oil interests and face no real reaction
1938
250
FDR requests an increase in the size of the bureaucracy
1938
251
Fair Labour Standards Act
1938
252
FDR opens secret talks with the French
October 1938
253
National total of personal income in 1929 was ... and in 1939 was ...
$86 billion and $73 billion
254
Number of Americans still out of work in 1939
9 million
255
Number of African Americans who benefited from housing/schools built by WPA
1 million
256
On average during the 1930s, women earned ... the average wage of men
half
257
Amendment of 1935 Neutrality Act
November 1939
258
National Debt in 1940
$45 billion
259
Roosevelt trades Britain 50 destroyers for 6 Caribbean bases
1940
260
Smith Act
1940
261
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
1940
262
'Arsenal of Democracy' speech
December 1940
263
Number of African Americans in Civil Service 1941 vs. 1932
tripled
264
Beginning of 'lend lease'
May 1941
265
Plans for the March on Washington Movement
1941
266
Fair Employment Practices Commission formed
1941
267
Embargo on oil to Japan
July 1941
268
Atlantic Charter
August 1941
269
Pearl Harbour
December 1941
270
US declares war on Japan
8 December 1941
271
By the time of WWII, women made up ... of the civilian workforce
1/3
272
Americans conscripted in WWII
10 million
273
Growth in farm income during WWII
250%
274
Increase in wages during WWII
40%
275
Number of women workers during WWII
19 million
276
Percentage of war industries unwilling to hire African Americans (WWII)
50%
277
Unemployment effectively zero in...
1942
278
CORE founded
1942
279
Japanese internment
1942
280
GI Bill of Rights ($13 billion)
1944
281
Indian Claims Commission created to compensate Native Americans for past exploitation
1944
282
Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
August 1945
283
Membership of the NAACP increased from ... in 1940 to ... in 1945
50,000 to 450,000
284
National Debt in 1945
$260 billion
285
Percentage increase in earnings during WWII
40%
286
Yalta Conference
February 1945
287
Presidency of Truman
1945-53
288
Truman's labour management conference
1945
289
Potsdam Conference
July-August 1945
290
Iron Curtain Speech
1946
291
Percentage increase in cost of living in second half of 1946
30%
292
Truman unsuccessful in vetoing Taft-Harley Act
1947
293
Loyalty-Security Program removes 200 federal workers
1947
294
Percentage of houses still lacking running water in 1947
33%
295
Rate of building of Levitt Houses
1.5 million per year
296
Truman issues order to desegregate the armed forces
1948
297
Marshall Aid ($13 billion)
1948
298
British retreat from control in the Middle East
1948
299
Alger Hiss Case
1948
300
Berlin Blockade
1948-49
301
Truman's Fair Deal
1949
302
USSR first nuclear weapon
1949
303
Formation of NATO
1949
304
Four Point Plan to spend $400 million on Asia and Latin America
1949
305
Fall of China to Communism
1949
306
Korean War
1950-53
307
Percentage of population under 24 in 1950
41.6%
308
Number of US dead in Korea
27,000
309
Defence spending in the 1950s
$40 to $50 billion per year
310
McCarthy claims to have a list of 205 communists in the State Department
1950
311
Arrest of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
1950
312
McCarran Internal Security Act
1950
313
Percentage of world's goods consumed by the USA in the 1950s
33%
314
Percentage of families with fridges in 1951
90%
315
Presidency of Eisenhower
1953-61
316
McCarthy Hearings
1953-54
317
Termination Policy
1953
318
US-Taiwan Defence Treaty
1954
319
Brown vs. Board
1954
320
Krushchev succeeds Stalin
1955
321
Warsaw Pact
1955
322
Austrian Peace Treaty (first surrender of Soviet territory since WWII)
1955
323
Montgomery Bus Boycott
1955
324
Interstate Highway Act
1956
325
Hungary attempts to leave the Warsaw Pact
1956
326
Soviet-backed Egypt takes control of Suez Canal
1956
327
Percentage rise in number of murders carried out by teenagers in NY in 1956
26%
328
Eisenhower Doctrine
1957
329
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) founded
1957
330
Eisenhower sends federal troops to Little Rock
1957
331
Number of AA schoolchildren still in segregated schools by 1957
240,000
332
Second Berlin Crisis
1958
333
Cuban Revolution
1959
334
Teenage annual spending power increased from BLANK in 1950 to BLANK in 1959
$10 billion to $25 billion
335
Percentage living in suburbs by 1960
33%
336
Number of malls in 1945, and 1960
8; 4000
337
1930-1960 the average household income...
doubled
338
Household debts rose from ... in 1945 to ... in 1960
$5.7 billion to $56.1 billion
339
By 1960, only BLANK of the total 400,000 Native Americans had moved permanently under the Termination Policy
13,000
340
Percentage of Americans under poverty line in 1960
25%
341
Number of women in university in 1960
1.3 million
342
Number of entries for a competition in 1960 asking women to describe why they felt 'trapped'
24,000
343
Presidency of Kennedy
1961-63 (assassinated)
344
Bay of Pigs fiasco
April 1961
345
Putting up of the Berlin Wall
1961
346
Freedom Rides
1961
347
Omnibus Housing Act
1961
348
Farmer's Home Administration
1961
349
Castro declares himself communist
December 1961
350
US spy planes spot nuclear missile installations in Cuba, Kennedy establishes a quarantine
15 October 1962
351
Exchange of letters between Kennedy and Krushchev
26-27 October 1962
352
Resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis
28 October 1962
353
Kennedy introduces Civil Rights Bill
1963
354
Percentage of lawyers who were women in 1963
4%
355
Partial Test Ban Treaty
1963
356
Kennedy assassinated
November 1963
357
Presidency of LBJ (2)
1963-69
358
Equal Pay Act
1963
359
Protests in Birmingham, Alabama
1963
360
March on Washington
1963
361
Betty Friedan's 'The Feminine Mystique'
1963
362
Berkley Free Speech Movement
1964
363
Beginning of 'Great Society'
1964
364
Organisation for Afro-American Unity founded
1964
365
Civil Rights Act
1964
366
Economic Opportunity Act (billion-dollar stimulus)
1964
367
Gulf of Tonkin incident
September 1964
368
Republic of China acquires nuclear weapons
1965
369
Operation Rolling Thunder, military invasion of Vietnam
1965
370
Medicare
1965
371
Number of people with first-time access to decent healthcare under Medicaid
25 million
372
Selma
1965
373
Voting Rights Act
1965
374
Assassination of Malcolm X
1965
375
Immigration reform laws
1965
376
Number of black riots between 1964-1966
300
377
Black Panthers founded
1966
378
King's Chicago campaign
1966
379
National Organisation for Women (NOW) founded
1966
380
Number of TV sets in 1967
55 million
381
Percentage of evening news devoted to coverage of the Vietnam war in 1967
90%
382
Tet Offensive, Viet Cong take control of American embassy in Saigon
January 1968
383
Mai Lai Massacre
March 1968
384
In the first half of 1968, there were ... demonstrations against the war, involving ... students
100; 400,000
385
Cost of Vietnam War by 1968
$26.5 billion per year
386
Number of American Deaths in Vietnam
50,000
387
Assassination of Martin Luther King
1968
388
Democrat Convention: 'Battle of Chicago'
1968
389
Assassination of Bobby Kennedy
1968
390
Indian Civil Rights Act
1968
391
In this year, America is a net importer of textiles, steel and household goods
1969
392
Nixon begins 'Vietnamisation'
January 1969
393
Number of female senators in the 1960s
2
394
Presidency of Nixon
1969-74
395
Kent State Massacre
1970
396
Nixon stops the public bussing of black students
1969
397
Black male unemployment in 1970
50%
398
21 year trade embargo with China lifted
1971
399
Pentagon Papers leaked
1971
400
Amount of back pay secured for women by NOW in cases 1966-1971
$30 million
401
In 1970, there were ... black congressmen
11
402
Percentage of country on side of federal troops at Kent State
90%
403
Nixon visits Beijing
1972
404
Educational Amendment Act
1972
405
Supreme Court rules that men and women have equal rights
1972
406
Formation of CREEP (Committee for the re-election of the Presdient)
1972
407
SALT 1 (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
1972
408
Paris Peace Treaty (Vietnam)
January 1973
409
Roe v Wade
1973
410
War Powers Act
1973
411
Oil embargo from Arab countries
1973
412
Nixon and Kissenger fail to persuade Congress to vote for US military intervention in Angola
1974
413
Nixon's impeachment trial
1974
414
Election Campaign Act
1974
415
Congressional Budget Act
1974
416
Watergate Scandal
1972-74
417
Congress withdraws financial support for South Vietnam
April 1975
418
Helsinki Agreements
1975
419
Suicide rate for Native Americans in 1975...
100 times higher than for whites
420
Unemployment among Native Americans by 1975...
10 times greater than other Americans
421
66% of adults classified as poor in 1975 were...
female
422
GDP up by a factor of ... between 1945 and 1980
10
