Timeline

Question 1

1895

Answer 1

First moving images (lumière brothers)

Question 2

1895- 1927

Answer 2

Development of silent cinema from early short films to full-length feature films, during which period the foundations of filmmaking were established – e.g. cinematography, the principles of lighting and continuity editing and an extensive range of mise- en-scène, including location shooting.

Question 3

1920s

Answer 3

Gradual emergence of a vertically integrated Hollywood film industry, established by 1930 into five major studios (Paramount, Warner Bros, Loew’s/MGM, Fox [Twentieth Century Fox in 1935] and Radio Keith Orpheum [RKO]) and three minor studios (Columbia, Universal and United Artists) – the so-called Big 5 and Little 3.

Question 4

1927

Answer 4

Alan Crossland’s THE JAZZ SINGER, starring Al Johnson – the first feature film
with a soundtrack

Question 5

1935

Answer 5

Rouben Maoulian’s BECKY SHARP, the Technicolour Corporation’s first feature length, ‘three strip’ colour film.

Question 6

1948

Answer 6

Paramount court case which prevented studios from owning all phases of the production, distribution and exhibition process (‘vertical integration’) which led, in the 1950s, to the emergence of independent film production and agents producing films for the Hollywood studios to distribute and exhibit.

Question 7

1950s

Answer 7

Emergence of widescreen and 3D technologies as a response to the growth of television and the corresponding decline in cinema attendance.

Question 8

Late 1950s

Answer 8

Although not the first examples, lightweight, portable cameras were produced suitable for hand- held use (which had an immediate impact on documentary filmmaking and were used by a new generation of directors in France – French ‘new wave’ directors).

Question 9

1970s

Answer 9

Steadicam technology developed by cinematographer Garrett Brown (a stabilising device for hand-held cameras to keep image ‘steady’ whilst retaining fluid movement). First introduced, 1975.

Question 10

1990s

Answer 10

More widespread use of computer-generated imagery resulted in a move away from filmed ‘special effects’ to visual effects created digitally in post- production to the computer- generated imaging (CGI) of characters in films.

Question 11

1995

Answer 11

First CG (computer generated) feature length cartoon – TOY STORY directed by Jon Lassater for Pixar Animation Studios.

Question 12

2000s

Answer 12

Technology available to ordinary people makes significant strides due to developments with lightweight cameras and mobile phone technology, seeing a rise in ‘citizen film-making’.

Question 13

2007

Answer 13

Netflix-the first legal streaming service for TV & Film is launched

Question 14

2010s

Answer 14

Successful feature length films shot entirely on iPhones now released – notable releases include TANGERINE (Baker, 2015) and UNSANE (Soderberg, 2018).

Question 15

2017

Answer 15

Film and TV streaming and download sites such as Netflix, Sky, Amazon and Apple overtake DVD sales for the first time increasing by 23% in one year.

Question 16

2018

Answer 16

Avengers: Infinity War becomes the first Hollywood film to ever be shot entirely with IMAX cameras.