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Science, Technology, and Society > Time Periods > Flashcards

Time Periods Flashcards

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1
Q

This period promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art

A

Renaissance

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2
Q

This period is the bridge between the middle ages and modern day civilization

A

Renaissance

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3
Q

Where did Renaissance begin in the mid-1300s?

A

Italy

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4
Q

What is the french word for “rebirth”?

A

Renaissance

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5
Q

Who funded the arts and humanities and made Florence into the cradle of Renaissance?

A

Medici Family

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6
Q

Who are the four popes produced by the Medici Family

A

Leo X, Clement VII, Pius IV, Leo XI

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7
Q

Who is the first tourist who recovered knowledge from Rome and Greece

A

Francesco Petrarch

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8
Q

What are Leonardo Davinci’s famous works?

A

The Last Supper and Mona Lisa

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9
Q

Who created the bronze statue of David and Penitent Magdalene

A

Donatello

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10
Q

Who painted the frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, sculpted David and Pieta

A

Michelangelo

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11
Q

Who is the first Western artist with a published biography?

A

Michelangelo

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12
Q

Who sculpted the Sistine Madonna

A

Raphael

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13
Q

Who is the writer of Decameron and coined as the Humanist?

A

Giovanni Boccaccio

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14
Q

Who assumed that the movements of the planets and stars must be circular since they would go on forever?

A

Aristotle

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15
Q

Who first claimed that the Earth revolves around the Sun? (not Nicolaus Copernicus)

A

Aristarchus of Samos

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16
Q

What is Ptolemy’s most famous work? It is an astronomy textbook that taught students to predict the location of any heavenly body at any time from anywhere on Earth.

A

The Almagest

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17
Q

Who is the father of modern astronomy?

A

Nicholaus Copernicus

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18
Q

What is the title of the short astronomical treatise that Nicolaus Copernicus wrote?

A

Commentariolus or Little Commentary

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19
Q

Who is Tycho Brahe’s assistant?

A

Johannes Kepler

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20
Q

What are the three laws of planetary motion?

A

The law of ellipses, the law of equal areas, the law of harmonies

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21
Q

What is the point farthest from the sun? How about the point closest to the sun?

A

Aphelion & Perihelion

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22
Q

The Earth revolves from west to east. True or false?

A

True

23
Q

Precisely how many days does it take Earth to revolve around the sun?

A

365.242 days

24
Q

What placed Galileo Galilei under house arrest for the last eight years of his life?

A

Dialogue concerning the Two Chief World Systems in support of the Copernican system

25
Q

Who invented the telescope?

A

Hans Lippershey

26
Q

What are Jupiter’s four largest satellite moons: (Galilean satellites)

A

Io, Callisto, Europa, and Ganymede

27
Q

According to Newton, what is the force created when a planet tends to move outside the orbit?

A

Centrifugal force

28
Q

What law of motion is being stated? An object stays at rest unless acted upon by an unequal force.

A

First law of motion: Law of Inertia

29
Q

What law of motion is being stated? An object’s acceleration is directly proportional to force and indirectly proportional to its mass.

A

The second law: The law of force and acceleration

F = ma

30
Q

What law of motion is being stated? For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

A

Third law: Law of Equal Forces

31
Q

What two forces act on Earth as it revolves around the sun?

A

Centripetal and centrifugal force

32
Q

What is the most profound revolution in human history?

A

Industrial revolution

33
Q

What is the Greek word for technology and what does it mean?

A

Techne, meaning art or craft

34
Q

In which country did industrialization start?

A

Britain

35
Q

Why was Britain the first country to industrialize?

A
  1. Large supplies of coal
  2. Geography of the country
  3. Positive political climate
  4. Effects of Agricultural Revolution
  5. Vast Colonial Empire
36
Q

Enumerate the four phases of industrial revolution

A
  1. The Age of Mechanical Production
  2. The Age of Science and Mass Production
  3. Digital Revolution
  4. Starting Now
37
Q

What product was first made using machines
in factories?

A

Textiles

38
Q

What phase of industrial revolution opened the doors to space expeditions, research, and biotechnology through new technologies?

A

Third Industrial revolution: Digital Revolution

39
Q

The Industrial Revolution was a change in

A

the way in which products were made

40
Q

Who invented the steam engine that helped power the Industrial Revolution?

A

James Watt

41
Q

What invention revolutionized the process of cotton spinning by spinning eight threads at once?

A

Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves)

42
Q

What is the machine for cleaning cotton of its seeds?

A

Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney)

43
Q

It is an electric light with a wire filament heated until it glows

A

Incandescent light bulb (Thomas Alva Edison)

44
Q

It is a mechanized device used to weave cloth and tapestry

A

Power Loom (Edmund Cartwright)

45
Q

This machine was used to spin textile fibers into yarn and thread

A

Spinning Mule (Samuel Crompton)

46
Q

This phase of industrial revolution focused on steel production, the automobile, and advances in electricity

A

Second Industrial Revolution

47
Q

True or False: Industrialization resulted to mass unemployment

A

True

48
Q

What were 3 important innovations during the 2nd industrial revolution?

A

telegraph and railroad networks, gas and water supply, sewage systems

49
Q

This is any device or system that allows the transmission of information by coded signal over a distance

A

Telegraph (Samuel Morse)

50
Q

This invention allowed people to flock to cities and allowed people to travel newer places as well

A

Railroad (George Stephenson)

51
Q

This is an instrument designed for the simultaneous transmission and reception of the human voice

A

Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell)

52
Q

This phase of industrial revolution is characterized by the spread of automation and digitization through the use of electronics and computers

A

Third Industrial Revolution

53
Q

This phase of industrial revolution is a way of describing the blurring boundaries between the physical, digital, and biological worlds.

A

Fourth Industrial Revolution

54
Q

Four specific technological developments during the fourth industrial revolution:

A
  1. High-speed mobile internet
  2. AI and automation
  3. Big Data Analytics
  4. Cloud Technology

Science, Technology, and Society (3 decks)

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