Time Perception Flashcards
Which factors can contribute to the estimation and production of time intervals
Motivation, Attention, Sensory change, Novelty, Emotion
How can EXPLICIT timing be described? Provide a simple answer
duration estimation.
demands an estimate of stimulus duration or interstimulus interval (ISI)
EITHER: perceptual discrimination (is one stimulus longer than the other one)
OR: Motor Timing (represent timed duration /ISI with motor act as in finger tapping)
How can IMPLICIT timing be described? Provide a simple answer
temporal prediction.
regular temporal patterns used to achieve non-temporal task goals
What is the role of dopamine in time estimation?
it has direct influence through:
A: suppression –> decreased behavioural sensitivity to time -> dopamine activity encode trial to trial variability
B: activation / inhibition influences time estimation
another explanation: think of dopamine as the frame rate in a camera: the more fun you have, the harder and faster neurons fire. with more fun, more pictures are shot in a time interval.
when a lot of pictures are presented in a short amount of time, it is more exciting, then when barely anything happens.
Cerebellum: Involved in explicit or implicit timing?
both
Prefrontal Cortex: Involved in explicit or implicit timing?
Right PFC: Implicit timing.
Basal Ganglia: Involved in explicit or implicit timing?
explicit timing
(BG mostly coactivated with other regions
+ “Coincidence-detection model”: BG detects coincidental activation in brain regions)
How long is a circadian rhythm?
around 24h
How long is an infradian rhythm?
longer than a day, cycles can occur monthly or seasonally
How long is an ultradian cycle?
less than 24h. it consists of multiple comparable cycles within a given timeframe:
for example a lecture is 1,5h (which is also the max amount of focus one can do). having multiple of these per day, one lecture corresponds to one ultradian cycle
At what age is explicit judgement learnt?
around 7 years
When does the circadian cycle emerge?
within first months after birth
What is the center in the brain (let’s say you could pinpoint one) responsible for a circadian rhythm?
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
What does the Suprachiasmatic nucleus do?
it regulates body temperature, neuronal activity, sleep-wake cycle, hormonal signals
