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Design and Technology > Timbers- Unit 5B > Flashcards

Timbers- Unit 5B Flashcards

1
Q

Hardwood

A

Denser structure, grain closer, takes longer to grow, more durable and less prone to rotting.

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2
Q

Softwood

A

From a Coniferous tree, grain is further apart and more porous.

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3
Q

Ash

A

Flexible, tough and shock resistant. Commonly used in sports equipment and tool handles. HARDWOOD.

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4
Q

Beech

A

Fine finish, tough and durable. Used in children’s toys and models. HARDWOOD.

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5
Q

Mahogany

A

Easily worked, durable and finishes well. Used in high end furniture. HARDWOOD

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6
Q

Oak

A

Tough, hard and durable. Used in flooring and furniture. HARDWOOD.

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7
Q

Balsa

A

Lightweight and can snap. Used in prototyping and aircraft modelling. HARDWOOD.

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8
Q

Larch

A

Durable, tough and good water resistance. Used in exterior cladding and flooring. SOFTWOOD.

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9
Q

Pine

A

Lightweight, easy to work, can split and be resinous near knots. Used in interior construction, cheaper furniture and decking. SOFTWOOD.

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10
Q

Spruce

A

Easy to work and variable results when staining. Used in construction, furniture and musical instruments. SOFTWOOD.

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11
Q

Manufactured Boards

A

Usually sheets of processed natural timber waste products or veneers combined with adhesives.

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12
Q

Medium density fibreboard (MDF)

A

Rigid and stable, very absorbent so not good in high humidity or damp areas. Used in flat pack furniture, toys and kitchen units.

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13
Q

Plywood

A

Alternating layers of natural grain veneers. Very stable in all directions. Used in furniture, shelving, toys and construction.

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14
Q

Chipboard

A

Good comprehensive strength, not water resistant unless treated, prone to chipping. Used in flooring, low-end furniture, kitchen units and worktops.

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15
Q

What does PAR stand for?

A

Planed all round.

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16
Q

Rough sawn timber

A

Rough sawn timber has not been planed and is rough to the touch. It is often used in exterior tasks where the finish is not that important.

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17
Q

Planed all round timber

A

Planed all round timber has a much smoother finish because it has been mechanically planed down on all sides. It is used for furniture and interior features such as doors and windows.

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18
Q

Seasoning: Air drying

A

Air dried timber is stacked so that air can circulate around the planks and evaporation can take place.

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19
Q

Seasoning: Kiln-drying

A

A faster process but more expensive. Less prone to faults and the heat can kill bacteria to protect the timber.

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20
Q

What are veneers?

A

A thin slice of natural wood that is bonded to the surface of a cheaper sheet material.

21
Q

Rotational veneer production

A

Involves rotating a whole tree trunk on an industrial machine.

22
Q

Manufactured Board advantages

A
  • Available in large sheets,
  • No defects like in natural wood,
  • Makes use of low grade recycled wood.
23
Q

Manufactured Board disadvantages

A
  • Adhesives used to bond the boards can contain hazardous particles,
  • Many traditional wood joints cannot be used effectively with manufactured board,
  • Many boards are prone to moisture if not treated.
24
Q

FSC

A

The forest stewardship council: dedicated to promoting responsible management of the world’s forests.

25
Q

PEFC

A

The endorsement of forest certification: promotes sustainable forest management through independent third party certification.

26
Q

Dowel rods

A

Circular sections of timber that come in many different diameters.

27
Q

Wood moulding

A

Architrave is seen around door frames. Ornate skirting boards are in older style houses.

28
Q

Nails and pins

A

Threadless versions of screws that are generally used for permanently fixing wood together. They are usually skewed at an angle (the dovetail method) as it gains some mechanical advantage.

29
Q

Panel pin

A

Has a thin diameter with a discrete small head, pin punch used to set below the surface.

30
Q

Tack

A

Sharp, short, wide head, used to attach material such as upholstery or carpets to wood.

31
Q

Lost nail head

A

A thicker version of a panel pin, used where the head should not be visible. A pin punch is used to set down.

32
Q

Knock-down fittings

A

Often used for self assembly furniture and kitchen carcasses. They are temporary and easily dismantled for transportation and storage.

33
Q

Butt hinge

A

Standard hinge for doors and windows.

34
Q

Butterfly hinge

A

Decorative version of the butt hinge.

35
Q

Piano hinge

A

Long butt style hinge, cut to required length.

36
Q

Coping saw

A

For cutting thinner pieces of timber and they can cope with curves.

37
Q

Surform

A

For fast removal of material, cheese grater like blade, is sharp but brittle.

38
Q

Chisel

A

Different versions used with a mallet to remove wood to form rebates and recesses.

39
Q

Rasp

A

Like a file with very rough teeth for fast removal of materials.

40
Q

Smoothing plane

A

Removes very thin layers of wood, smooths and flattens along the grain.

41
Q

The wood turning process

A

Wood lathes are used to turn bowls and spindles. A special set of chisels are used to shape the wood when turning.

42
Q

Quality control

A

Checking that products are being produced correctly in the essential stage. Ensures that dimensional accuracy is consistent and that the product is safe to use.

43
Q

Tolerance

A

The amount of error that is allowed for a given task.

44
Q

Wood preservative

A

Painted on to wood to protect from fungal or insect attack and rotting/decay.

45
Q

Varnish

A

Protects from moisture and can be coloured with stain.

46
Q

Oil

A

Similar effect to varnish but soaks into timber and needs reapplying frequently.

47
Q

Paint

A

Needs primer and undercoat on bare wood and there is a wide range of colours available.

48
Q

Stain

A

Permanently colours wood but does not protect it.

49
Q

Wax

A

Rubbed into the wood to enhance the natural grain.

Design and Technology (5 decks)

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