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Design Technology > Timber > Flashcards

Timber Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 families of woods?

A
  • Softwoods
  • Hardwoods
  • Manufactured boards
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2
Q

What are some of the common softwoods?

A
  • Redwood (Scots pine)
  • Western red cedar
  • Parana Pine
  • Whitewood (spruce)
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3
Q

What are some of the common hardwoods?

A
  • Beech
  • Ash
  • Elm
  • Oak
  • Mahogany
  • Teak
  • Balsa
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4
Q

What are some of the common manufactured boards?

A
  • Plywood
  • Flexible plywood
  • Marine ply
  • MDF
  • Moisture resistant MDF
  • Flame retardent MDF
  • Blockboard
  • Chipboard
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5
Q

What is the process of turning a tree into planks?

A

Conversion

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6
Q

What is warp?

A

When something becomes twisted or out of shape

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7
Q

What are the 2 methods of cutting wooden trunks into planks?

A
  • Plain sawing
  • Quarter sawing
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8
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of quarter-sawing wooden planks?

A

Advantages: Less liable to warp, more stable planks
Disadvantages: Requires more time and labour, produces more waste

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9
Q

What saw cuts wood trunks into planks?

A

A band saw

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10
Q

What is the process of drying wood out called?

A

Seasoning

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11
Q

How can seasoning take place?

A

Outdoors under roofing or in a kiln, spaced out so air can circulate

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12
Q

What are the adantages/disadvantages of using a kiln to season wood?

A

Advantages: Takes less time, Kills insect eggs (woodworm)
Disadvantages: Expensive to build and run

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13
Q

What organisation promotes responsible management of the world’s forests?

A

The FSC (forest stewardship council)

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14
Q

What are the advantages of manufactured boards over hardwoods and softwoods?

A
  • Readily available in larger sheets
  • More stable than natural timber and less liable to twist and warp
  • Tend to be less expensive than natural timber
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15
Q

What is a veneer and how is it made?

A

It is a thin shaving of wood that is either cut from a log by rotary peeling or thinly sliced from a long block.

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16
Q

How is Plywood made?

A

Plywood involves gluing ‘laminating’ 3 or more veneers of wood together at perpendiculars to increase the strength of the finished piece. There is always an odd number of layers or plies so the grain runs the same way.

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17
Q

How is MDF made?

A

MDF involves compressing tiny wood particles/fibres and adhesive together-generally denser than plywood.

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18
Q

How is Blockboard made?

A

Blockboard is made by gluing strips of softwood side by side, these strips are then sandwiched between 2 veneers of hardwood.

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19
Q

How is Chipboard made?

A

It involves gluing wood chips together-can crumble when exposed to wet conditions

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20
Q

What is an example of an eco material and why?

A

Bamboo-can grow in 3 years

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21
Q

What are the sizes of timber from largest to smallest?

A
  • Planks
  • Boards
  • Squares
  • Strips
  • Dowelling rods
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22
Q

What is a timber moulding?

A

A pre cut section of timber formed from specially shaped cutters

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23
Q

What are the different wood screws and what are their properties?

A
  • Countersunk head: head of screw level with the surface
  • Round head: used to fasten thin sheet materials such as metal or plastic to wood
  • Raised head: used for decorative purposes
  • Twinfast: used specifically on chipboard-two threads which provide greater holding power
  • Coach: Used when more holding power is needed and can be tightened with a spanner
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24
Q

What are the different types of nails and their properties?

A
  • Round wire nails: Used for general joinery work
  • Oval wire nails: Used for interior joinery-has virtually no head
  • Panel pins: Used with small-scale work-pinning thin sheet material
  • Masonry nails: Used if wanted to fasten into brickwork or mortar
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25
Q

What are the different types of hinges and their properies?

A
  • Butt hinges: Most commonly used hinge and need recessing into wood
  • Piano hinges: Come in different lengths and are used where you need a lot of support along the edges of a long product
  • Butterfly hinge: Used in lightweight doors-easy to fit and look attractive
  • Flush hinge: Do not need a recess to be cut but not as strong
  • Barrel hinge: Screwed into the edge of the wood-allow doors to be removed easily
26
Q

What is a marking knife?

A

A knife thinner than a pencil and can be used to help guide when sawing

27
Q

What is a try square?

A

Used to mark a line at 90 degrees to an edge

28
Q

What is a marking gauge?

A

Used to draw a line along the grain parallel to an edge

29
Q

What is a cutting gauge?

A

Same as a marking guage but uses a small blade to make the mark

30
Q

What is a mitre square?

A

Used to mark a line at 45 degrees/135 degrees to an edge

31
Q

What is a sliding bevel?

A

Used to mark lines at a set angle using a protractor

32
Q

What are the 2 main different types of saws?

A
  • Cross cut saw-used to cut across the grain
  • Ripsaw-used to cut along the grain
33
Q

What are different types of handsaws from long to short?

A
  • Hand saw
  • Tenon saw
  • Coping saw
34
Q

What are the different types of machine saw and what do they do?

A
  • Jigsaw-electric saw useful for cutting shapes from manufactured board
  • Fret saw-used for cutting curves in thin material
  • Band saw-large saw with a band-shaped electical blad running through for cutting irregular shapes in timber and manufactured board
  • Circular saw-uses a circular blade to cut all types of timber-table or handheld
35
Q

What piece of equipment can be used to shape and remove waste timber?

A

Files

36
Q

What peice of equipment can be used to remove small amounts of wood?

A

Chisels

37
Q

What are the 2 main types of planes?

A

Smoothing and Jack (heavier) planes

38
Q

What is used to sand a product?

A

Belt sanders and then glasspaper

39
Q

What is used to make products such as bowls?

A

Faceplate turning

40
Q

What is used to make products such as chair legs?

A

Between-centres turning

41
Q

What are the different types of turning tools?

A
  • Gouges
  • Scrapers
  • Parting tools
  • Spoon cutters
42
Q

What is it called when nails are placed to avoid splitting the timber along the grain?

A

Staggered nailing

43
Q

What is it called when nails are placed at opposite angles to improve joint strength?

A

Dovetail nailing

44
Q

What are the different wood joints?

A
  • Butt
  • Dowel
  • Comb or finger
  • Dovetail
  • Half-lap
  • Mitre
  • Housing
  • Mortise and tenon
  • Bridle
  • Corner halving
  • Cross-halving
  • Biscuit
45
Q

What is the method of bending timber into curves using saw cuts?

A

Kerfing

46
Q

What are the other methods of bending timber aside from kerfing?

A
  • Steam bending
  • Laminating
  • Vacuum pressing
47
Q

What are the different reasons to add finish to timber products?

A
  • For aesthetics
  • For function
48
Q

What are the different types of abrasives?

A
  • Glass paper
  • Garnet paper (more expensive)
  • Wire wool
49
Q

What are the different grades of abrasives?

A
  • Extrafine
  • Fine
  • Medium
  • Coarse
  • Extra course
50
Q

What is a gloss?

A

A shiny reflective finish

51
Q

What is a matt?

A

A dull, non reflective surface finish

52
Q

What is a Satin?

A

An in-between gloss and matt finish

53
Q

What are the different types of varnishes and lacquers?

A
  • Oil
  • French polish
  • Wood stains
  • Sanding sealer
  • Paint (enamel, spray and acrylic)
54
Q

What does applying an oil to timber do?

A

It provides an improved appearance within the grain of the timber

55
Q

What does applying a french polish to timber do?

A

It accomplaces a very deep finish and wax is applied after

56
Q

What does applying a wood stain to timber do?

A

They help improve the colour of the wood and also help show up the grain

57
Q

What does applying sanding sealer to timber do?

A

It seals the wood to moisure-it seals the surface and raises the wood fibres so they can be sanded with fine glasspaper

58
Q

What do enamel paints do?

A

They are permanent paints that create a hard, glossy surface that is durable and hard to chip-work well on hard surfaces but don’t blend well

59
Q

What do spray paints do?

A

Typically used on areas where brusches cant reach easily

60
Q

What do acrylic paints do?

A

Easy to use on wood and create deep saturated colours-often doesnt need a second coat

61
Q

What is a device that guides a tool called?

A

A jig

62
Q
A

Design Technology (2 decks)

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