Tillage

Question 1

Steps for a seedbed (6)

Answer 1

1. Plough+ till the ground ( fine tilth)(dry no forcing)
2. Sow seed 2 cm / 10cm potatoes. Corn drill or precision seeder in fine seed bed
3. Fertilise ^ these sowers add fertiliser if. need a top dressing using a fertiliser spreader
4. Protect as needed.
5. Harvest
6. Store if necessary and sell

Question 2

Ploughing

Answer 2

1: prevents build up of parasites.
2: helps break up soil.
3: Autumn crops plough in autum
4: do not leave Barron after plough Ed over winter as leaching of N

Question 3

Biological Controls (4)

Answer 3

1: Crop Rotation
2: Natural predators of pest eg. ladybirds eat greenfly/ aphids
3: Harvest without delay- less susceptible over ripe crops up risk of damages by pests diseases
4: Stubble Cleaning- plough and harrow - encourages weeds to germinate then harrow again and kill weeds

Question 4

Chemical controls (4)

Answer 4

Herbicide - plants/ vegetation- crops weeds)

Fungicide

Pesticide

Insecticide

Question 5

Modes of chemical control(5)

Answer 5

Contact - part touches

Systemic - sucks up spray

Selective - only certain plants eg. weeds only

Protective - prevents infection

Eradicant - kills after infection

Question 6

Indirect control

Answer 6

Crop rotation

Stubble cleaning

Growth encouragement

Question 7

Crop rotation (5)

Answer 7

1: Gives soil rest
2: breaks up plough pan of root crop used.
3: Improves soil structure eg. Grass
4: Controls soil born pests and disease
5: Depleted minerals time to replenish - diff crops use diff minerals

Question 8

Example of crop rotation

Answer 8

Grass-potatoes-stubble turnip- maize

Question 9

Certified Seed (4)

Answer 9

98% purity

85% germination rate

Free from wild oats weed

Treated with pesticide and fungicide

HIGH YIELD

Question 10

Definition of catch crop

Answer 10

Is a crop grown between to other main crops when the files would otherwise be idle

Question 11

Advantages of Catch Crop (6)

Answer 11

1) Provides winter feeding - from land otherwise idle.
2) Helps control weed growth by shading
3) Adds organic matter to soil if plough Ed
4) Protects soil structure from heavy rain
5) Comserves leachable mins by absorbing them into system
6) Helps fix N - benefits other crops

Question 12

Examples of Catch Crop

Answer 12

Rape

Kale

Stubble turnip

Question 13

Energy Crop

Answer 13

Quick growing

Harvested + regrown yearly or 2 yrs - this is a form of biomass

Carbon Neutral as CO2 made when burning is taken out of atmosphere when growing

Question 14

Examples of energy crops

Answer 14

Willow + Misconthus