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Ticks are gross Flashcards

1
Q

Which bacteria causes Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burdorferi

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2
Q

Which bacteria causes human babesiosis?

A

Babesia microti

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3
Q

Which bacteria causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis?

A

Anaplasma phagocytophila

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4
Q

Symptoms of tick borne illness?

A

Asymptomatic or mild to life-threatening illness

  • Fever/chills
  • Aches/pains
  • Rash
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5
Q

How is lyme disease spread?

A

Ixodes ticks (I. scapularis)

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6
Q

Four life stages of hard ticks

A
  • Egg
  • Six legged larvae
  • Eight legged nymph
  • Adult
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7
Q

When do adult ticks peak?

A

Spring and fall

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8
Q

When do nymph ticks peak?

A

May-July

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9
Q

Which stage of tick is most likely to bite you?

A

Nymphs

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10
Q

How long must an ixodes tick feed to transmit lyme?

A

24 hours

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11
Q

Can transmit several tick-borne diseases including anaplasmosis, babesiosis and Lyme disease

A

Blacklegged or deer ticks

Ixodes scapularis

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12
Q

What causes human anaplasmosis?

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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13
Q

Which bacteria cause erlichiosis?

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Ehrlichia ewingii

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14
Q

Which ticks transmit the diseases erlichiosis and anaplasmosis?

A

Blacklegged tick, lone star tick, western blacklegged tick

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15
Q

Rash appearance similar to lime disease but has not been linked to arthritic, neurologic, or chronic symptoms

A

STARI

Southern tick associated rash illness

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16
Q

Which tick transmits STARI?

A

Lone star tick

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17
Q

Where are most cases of STARI found?

A

Southeastern US

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18
Q

What is the incubation period of anaplasmosis?

A

1-2 weeks

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19
Q

Common symptoms of anaplasmosis?

A

Fever, chills, headache, malaise, myalgia, arthralgias

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20
Q

What is increasing in Maine - anaplasmosis or erlichiosis?

A

Anaplasmosis. There are no documentations of erlichiosis in Maine.

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21
Q

What will the lab findings be in a patient with anaplasmosis?

A

Mild anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia with a left shift
Mild elevation of LFTs

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22
Q

Best way to diagnose anaplasma?

A

PCR assay for DNA

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23
Q

What is the adult treatment for anaplasmosis?

A

Doxycycline 100mg

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24
Q

How do you treat children with anaplasmosis?

A

Start with doxycycline, follow-up with beta-lactam

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25
If your patient is resistant to doxycycline and has anaplasmosis, what can you give them?
Rifampin
26
What parasite causes babesiosis?
Babesia microti
27
How does Babesia micro infect its hosts?
It infects red blood cells and causes hemolysis
28
What is the animal reservoir for babesiosis?
Rodents and small mammals
29
What is the vector for babesiosis?
Ixodes tick
30
Where does Babesiosis usually occur?
Northeast coast of US
31
How long is the incubation period of babesiosis after a tick bite?
1-3 weeks
32
Symptoms of babesiosis?
Fever/Chills/Sweats N/V Myalgia, arthralgia, fatigue
33
What will you find on PE of a patient with Babesiosis?
Splenomegaly Hepatomegaly Jaundice
34
Risk factors for severe disease from Babesiosis?
Age over 50 | Asplenia, malignancy, HIV, immunosuppressives
35
Do you treat asymptomatic Babesiosis?
No
36
How do you diagnose Babesiosis?
PCR
37
What type of diagnostic test will confirm a diagnosis of Babesiosis?
Blood smear will show intra-erythrocytic parasites
38
How do you treat babesiosis?
Clindamycine/Quinine or Atovaqone/Azithromycin
39
Your patient just returned from a hiking trip and presents with erythema migrants, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, a fever with chills and a headache. You note swollen lymph nodes on PE. What do you suspect?
Lyme disease
40
How long does it usually take for a bull's eye (erythema migrans) rash to develop after at tick bite?
10-30 days
41
What are the symptoms of early localized lyme disease?
Erythema migrans rash and associated symptoms
42
What are the symptoms of early disseminated lyme disease?
Multiple EM rashes, associated symptoms, lyme carditis, and neurologic symptoms
43
What is lyme carditis?
Fluctuating AV block
44
What are the neurological symptoms of lyme disease?
Cranial neuritis Lymphocytic meningitis Radiculoneuritis
45
How do you diagnose lyme disease?
Serologic tests | ELISA followed by western blot
46
How can you prevent seroconvervison of lyme disease?
Antibiotics early in disease
47
What are you testing for if a person has been sick with Lyme-like symptoms for less than 4 weeks?
IgM and IgG
48
What are you testing for if a person has been sick with Lyme-like symptoms for MORE than 4 weeks?
IgG
49
What happens more often, a Lye reinfection or a Lyme relapse?
Re-infection
50
Treatment for lyme disease?
Doxycycline
51
What are the guidelines for using Doxycycline as a prophylactic treatment?
1. Tick has been identified as an engorged deer tick and has been attached for over 36 hours 2. Exposure occurred in an area where there is a high rate of infected ticks 3. It has not been more than 72 hours
52
What bacteria causes Rocky mountain spotted fever?
Rickettsia Ricketsiae
53
What tick causes rocky mountain spotted fever?
Dermacenter (dog) ticks
54
What usually characterizes a RMSF infection?
Skin rash high fever headaches Muscle pain
55
What can you use to treat RMSF
Doxycycline or chloramphenicol
56
When do 90% of RMSF cases occur?
April-Septemtber
57
What are the long term sequelae of RMSF?
CNS defecits | Amputations
58
When will the RMSF rash appear?
2-5 days after onset of fever
59
What will the RSMF rash look like in the beginning?
1-5mm macules on ankles, wrists, forearms and spreads centripetally to trunk
60
When does the petechial rash of RSMF occur?
Day 6
61
How do you treat RMSF?
Tetracyclines | Chloramphenicol
62
What bacteria causes Tularemia?
Francisella tularensis
63
What transmits tularemia?
American dog tick, lone star tick, rocky mountain wood tick
64
Gram negative Non-motive Non-sporulating Cocco-bacillus
Francisella Tularensis
65
What are the arthropod vectors of tularemia?
Ticks, biting flies, mosquitos
66
Inhalation of ____ bacteria can cause tularemia
10
67
Is there person to person spread of tularemia?
no
68
How can you get Tularemia?
``` Ingestion Inhalation Direct contact Arthropod determinates Animal bites ```
69
Best way to diagnose ulceroglandular tularemia?
PCR
70
How do you treat ulceroglandular tularemia?
Streptomycin/Gentamicin | FQ's (Ciprofloxacin)
71
What arthropod born spirochete genus causes relapsing fevers?
Borrelia
72
Characterized by recurrent cycles of febrile episodes, separated by asymptomatic intervals of apparent recovery
Relapsing fevers
73
What causes Louse-borne relapsing fever?
Borrelia recurrentis
74
What causes epidemic typhus?
Rickettsia prowazekii
75
What are the three types of lice?
Head: Pediculus capitus Body: Peduculus humanus Pubic: Phthirus pubis
76
What is the biggest type of lice? Smallest?
Body is biggest | Pubic lice is smallest
77
Which type of lice spreads bacterial disease?
Body lice
78
Do head and pubic lice spread disease?
NO
79
How do people get bitten by ticks?
Ticks grab onto people or clothes when they walk through a grassy/wooded area. Ticks then crawl to a feeding spot on the person's skin.
80
Tick prevention?
1. wear protective clothing 2. use insect repellant 3. perform daily tick checks 4. use caution in tick-infested areas

ID Clin Med (3 decks)

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