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Parasitology - Ectoparasites > Ticks and Tick-borne Disease > Flashcards

Ticks and Tick-borne Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of ticks and how do they differ from insects?

A

Ticks are arachnids, NOT insects. Cephalothorax and abdomen, or completely fused body. 8 legs. NO antennae, and NO wings.

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2
Q

What are some features of soft ticks (Argasidae)?

A

Mouth parts cannot be seen from dorsal view. NO scutum. Take multiple, small blood meals. Lay multiple batches of eggs.

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3
Q

What are some features of hard ticks (Ixodidae)?

A

Mouth parts are visible from dorsal view. Have scutum, but females only have partial scutum. Feed for approx. 1 week, lay ONE large batch of eggs (>20000). Sexual dimorphism.

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4
Q

Palp

A

Appendage found on the mouth (capitulum) of invertebrates. DOES NOT go into the skin when tick feeds.

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5
Q

Hypostome

A

Serrated edges on the mouthparts (capitulum), which help anchor the tick into the skin.

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6
Q

How many legs do tick larval stages have?

A

6

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7
Q

How many legs do tick nymphs have?

A

8

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8
Q

How many nymphal stages do soft and hard ticks have?

A

Soft ticks: 2 or more

Hard ticks: Only 1

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9
Q

Argas

A

Soft tick sp.
Feeds on birds and bats.
Morphology: Flat body and suture line!

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10
Q

Ornithodoros

A

Soft tick sp.
Feeds on mammals.
Round body, NO suture line. Long, well-developed mouth parts.

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11
Q

Otobius megnini

A

Soft tick sp.
Feeds on cattle and horses.
Nymphal tegument is spiny. Short mouth parts (NO adult feeding).

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12
Q

Ixodes

A

Black-legged tick.
White-tailed deer and livestock, plus other animals.
Eastern USA
Anal groove in FRONT of anus.

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13
Q

Amblyomma americanum

A

Lone Star Tick
SE USA
Wide host range.
Anal groove behind anus

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14
Q

Amblyomma maculatum

A

Gulf Coast Tick
SE USA
Cattle
Anal groove behind anus

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15
Q

Dermacentor variabilis

A 
American Dog Tick
NOT out west.
Canine 
Capitulum base does NOT laterally protrude.
7 caudal festoons.
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16
Q

Dermacentor andersoni

A

Rocky Mountain Dog Tick
Everywhere that D. variabilis is NOT located.
Deer, cattle, and sheep.
Morphology same as D. variabilis.

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17
Q

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

A

Brown Dog Tick
Does NOT tolerate cold weather.
Base capitulum protrudes laterally. Festoons present and anal groove.

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18
Q

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus

A 
Cattle Tick
Eradicated from USA.
Cattle
Same capitulum as R. sanguineus, NO festoons. 
REPORTABLE DISEASES!!!
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19
Q

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

A 
Southern Cattle Fever Tick
Eradicated from USA
Wider host range than R. annulatus.
Same as other Boophilus. 
REPORTABLE!!
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20
Q

Haemophysalis

A

Rabbit Tick
WIdely distributed.
Rabbits
Second segment of palp wider than capitulum base.

21
Q

Tick poisoning/toxicosis

A

Argas soft ticks.
Dermacentor and Amblyomma
Acute ascending flaccid paralysis caused by toxin in tick saliva.

22
Q

Powassan encephalitis transmitted by:

A

Ixodes spp.

23
Q

Nairobi Sheep Disease transmitted by:

A

Various hard tick spp. REPORTABLE!!!

Causes hemorrhagic gastroenteritis.

24
Q

African Swine Fever transmitted by:

A

Ornithodoros soft tick.

REPORTABLE!!! Systemic hemorrhagic disease.

25
Q

Lyme Disease transmitted by:

A

Ixodes scapularis –> Eastern US
Ixodes pacificus –> Western US
Causative agent: Borrelia burgdorferi

26
Q

Tularemia transmitted by:

A

Dermacentor and Amblyomma americanum.
Agent: Francisella tularensis
Mid-west disease.

27
Q

Heartwater transmitted by:

A

Amblyomma
Reportable!!!!
Agent: Ehrlichia ruminantium

28
Q

Canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis transmitted by:

A

Amblyomma

Agent: Ehrlichia ewingii

29
Q

Tropical Canine Pancytopenia transmitted by:

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Ehrlichia canis

30
Q

Canine cyclic thrombocytopenia transmitted by:

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Anaplasma platys

31
Q

Granulocytic anaplasmosis

A

Ixodes spp.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

32
Q

Bovine Anaplasmosis

A

Dermacentor –> Western US

33
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Dermacentor

Rickettsia rickettsi

34
Q

Hepatozoonosis

A

Amblyomma maculatum (severe)/Rhipicephalus sanguineus (mild).
Ingestion of tick vector
Onion skin cysts. Death 1-2 yrs PI, if untreated.

35
Q

Theileriosis

A 
Cytauxzoon felis (Amblyomma)
Theileria equi (REPORTABLE)
36
Q

Babesiosis

A

B. canis/B. gibsoni –> R. sanguineus
B. caballi –> Dermacenter, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus. REPORTABLE!!!
B. bigemina/B. bovis –> Rhipicephalus spp.
REPORTABLE!!!!

37
Q

Features of Mites

A

Arachnids

Several nymphal instars.

38
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei

A 
Scabies mite --> Sarcoptic mange
ONE species w/ host adapted variants
WIDE host range (cats are rare)
Alopecia, prurities, self-tramua, secondary infections.
BURROWS DEEP INTO SKIN
39
Q

Sarcoptic mange

A

Dog –> Itch Mite. Lat elbows, hocks, pinna
Cattle –> Barn Itch. Abdomen, neck, med hind legs
Sheep/Goats –> Head Scab. Face, ears, ventrum (REPORTABLE)
Horses –> Neck, shoulders, face (REPORTABLE)
Pigs –> Ears, back

40
Q

Notoedres cati

A

Notoedric Mange
Wild and domestic felids
Head and neck, similar to sarcoptic mange.

41
Q

Psoroptes spp

A

P. cuniculi –> Common ear mite.
Spp in large animals are REPORTABLE!!!
Back, neck, tail head, and shoulders.

42
Q

Chorioptes spp

A

Foot and tail mange of large animals. MOST COMMON

Mild to no clinical signs.

43
Q

Otodectes cynotis

A

Ear mites.
Zoonotic
Trauma is usually bilateral

44
Q

Demodex

A

NOT zoonotic!!
Species specific in hair follicles.
Immunosuppression may cause overgrowth.
Squamous and papulonodular disease.

45
Q

Cheyletiella

A

“Walking dandruff”

Dogs/cats

46
Q

Pneumonyssoides

A

Canine nasal mite

Rhinitis/hyperemic mucosa.

47
Q

Fleas

A

Blood feeders w/ host preference.
Bilaterally flattened, chitinized, wingless.
Cause direct and indirect disease.

48
Q

Lice

A

Suborders:
Mallophaga - Chewing/Biting Lice
Anoplura - Sucking Lice
HOST SPECIFIC!!!!!

Parasitology - Ectoparasites (1 decks)

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