Tick Transmitted Diseases Flashcards
Ehrlichia Canis is primarily transmitted by the __ tick and has 3 potential phases (acute, subclinical, and chronic)
Ehrlichia Canis is primarily transmitted by the brown dog tick tick and has 3 potential phases (acute, subclinical, and chronic)
describe the acute phase of E. canis
It occurs 8-10 days after inoculation with the most common signs being fever, lethargy and inappetence. thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopathia are present. These signs may spontaneously resolve in 2-4 weeks completely or to subclinical infection.
describe the chronic phase of E. canis
acute signs plus bone marrow hypoplasia, marked lymphocytosis, and bone marrow plasmacytosis leading to hyperglobulinemia
how can you diagnose E. canis on blood smear?
morulae in monocytes or lymphocytes -> evaluate buffy coat smears, ln aspirates, or splenic aspirates to increase sensitivity
IFA for E. canis is the serological __ as __ antibodies are reliable and two consecutive tests __ days apart should be used for __ infections with a four fold increase indicative of infection
IFA for E. canis is the serological gold standard as IgG antibodies are reliable and two consecutive tests 7-14 days apart should be used for acute infections with a four fold increase indicative of infection
T/F: E. canis ELISA tests are a good point of care test for assessing IgG antibodies against E. canis
T
T/F: PCR of E canis is best for chronic infections
F, better for acute can detect dna as early as 4-10 days post inoculation
treatment of E. canis
doxycycline
minocycline or choramphenicol
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
This is a monocytic ehrlichiosis in humans transmitted by the lone star tick that rarely causes clinical signs in dogs but dogs may serve as a reservoir for E chaffeensis that infects humans
Ehrlichia ewingii is a __ ehrlichiosis transmitted by the __ tick that only causes __ disease __ weeks after inoculation with __ as its most common clinical sign
Ehrlichia ewingii is a granulocytic ehrlichiosis transmitted by the lone star tick that only causes acute disease 3-4 weeks after inoculation with polyarthritis as its most common clinical sign
E. ewingii diagnosis and treatment
morulae may be observed in granulocytes and doxycycline is the treatment of choice
anaplasmosis phagocytophilium is __ anaplasmosis in dogs transmitteed by Ixodes __ and __ ticks but clinical signs are __ with __ being the main one if they do present
anaplasmosis phagocytophilium is granulocytic anaplasmosis in dogs transmitteed by Ixodes scapularis and pacificus ticks but clinical signs are rare with polyarthritis being the main one if they do present
diagnosis and treatment of anaplasmosis phagocytophilium
dx: morulae may be observed in granulocytes
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is transmitted by __ and __ ticks. It replicated in __ cells causing severe __ which results in patients hemorrhaging or experiencing thrombosis.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is transmitted by dermacenter andersoni and dermacenter variabilis ticks. It replicated in endothelial cells causing severe vasculitis which results in patients hemorrhaging or experiencing thrombosis.
RMSF has an incubation period of __ days. what are some of the clinical signs?
2-14 days
clinical signs include arthralgia, spinal hyperesthesia, thrombocytopenia, cutaneous edema and hyperemia and neurologic signs
RMSF diagnosis and treatment
Serologic IFA with early recognition to reduce mortality
treat with doxycycline or some dogs clear the infection on their own
Hepatozoon americanum is a ___infection spread by the ingestion of the __. What clinical signs does it cause?
Hepatozoon americanum is a protozoan infection spread by the ingestion of the amblyomma maculatum.
clinical signs include severe muscle wasting, generalized hyperesthesia, stiff gait, and purulent ocular discharge wax and wane of cs
what are the clinical findings with H. americanum?
elevated leukocytes, increased Alk Phosphatase activity, hypoglycemia, periosteal bone proliferation on proximal long bones
diagnosis and treatment of H. americanum
- blood smear with H americanum gamonts in leukocytes
- the most reliable way would be a muscle biopsy with “onion cysts” and marked pyogranulomas myositis
- whole blood PCR
Treatment: Trimethoprim - sulfonamide, clindamycin, and pyrimethamine combo (TCP) therapy THEN decoquinate for 2 years
Canine Babesiosis
The strain found in the US is Babesia canis vogeli and is a large piriform shaped protozoan organism existing singly or paired within erythrocytes and is primarily transmitted by the brown dog tick
babesia gibsoni
small protozoan organism existing singly within erythrocytes with ring like configuration
has a high prevalence in pit bull terriers but lack clinical signs
__ and __ are signs of uncomplicated canine babesiosis while complicated has signs such as what?
uncomplicated: thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia
complicated: acute renal failure, neuro signs, hepatic injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pancreatitis, red biliary syndrome
how do you diagnose and treat canine babesiosis?
blood smears may show infected erythrocytes, IFA or PCR (the most sensitive)
Treatment:
B canis with imidocarb diproprionate
B gibsoni with atovaquone and azithromycin
