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SAM > Tick Transmitted Diseases > Flashcards

Tick Transmitted Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Three main causes of petechiae

A

Thrombocytopenia
Endothelial dysfunction
Thrombocytopathia

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2
Q

Common blood chemistry protein pattern for systemic inflammation

A

Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperglobulinemia

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3
Q

4 main causes for thrombocytopenia

A

Sequestration
Decreased production
Utilization
Destruction (immune-mediated)

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4
Q

Which tickborne disease is associated with bone marrow suppression?

A

Ehrlichia canis

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5
Q

CME

A

Canine monocytes ehrlichiosis

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6
Q

Transmission and distribution of Ehrlichia canis

A

Brown dog tick
Found across U.S

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7
Q

Three potential phases of CME

A

1) Acute phase (8-20d after inoculation)
2) Chronic phase (bone marrow hypoplasia)
3) Subclinical phase

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8
Q

What are some major CS you see with acute CME?

A
  • Fever, lethargy, and inappetence
  • Lymphadenomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly
  • Thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopathia
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9
Q

T/F: Patients with acute CME can spontaneously recover

A

True - may recover after 2-4 weeks or remain subclinically infected

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10
Q

Major CS associated with chronic CME

A

Bone marrow hypoplasia (pancytopenia)

Marked lymphocytosis (Ddx lymphocytic leukemia)

Bone marrow plasmacytosis (hyperglobulinemia)

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11
Q

T/F: You can differentiate E. Canis and E. Chaffeenis using a blood smear

A

False - morulae in monocytes or lymphocytes can be visualized in both

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12
Q

What test is the gold standard for diagnosing E. Canis?

A

IFA test looking for IgG antibodies

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13
Q

When is PCR testing the most helpful?

A

When you suspect acute infections

Body hasn’t created antibodies

Can be detected as early as 4-10d

Take sample before starting abx

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14
Q

Drug of choice for E. Canis

A

Doxycycline

Can also use Minocycline or Chloramphenicol

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15
Q

Two big categories of polyarthropathies

A
  • Non-erosive polyarthritis (IM or septic)
  • Erosive polyarthritis
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16
Q

Differentials for morula in neutrophils

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilium
Ehrlichia ewingii

17
Q

What cell does Ehrlichia ewingii chill out in?

A

Neutrophils

18
Q

Transmission and distribution of Ehrlichia ewingii

A

Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum)
South-central and Southeastern U.S.

19
Q

T/F: Ehrlichia ewingii can present both acutely and chronically.

A

False - only causes acute disease

20
Q

T/F: Ehrlichia canis is typically more severe than Ehrlichia ewingii

A

True

21
Q

Your patient tests positive on a snap test for Ehrlichia canis. What other species of Ehrlichia could this patient have?

A

Ewingii
Chaffeenis

22
Q

T/F: Cats can be affected by Anaplasma phagocytophilium

A

True

23
Q

Transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilium

A

Ixodes species

24
Q

RMSF

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)

25
Q

Transmission of RMSF

A

Dermacentor species

26
Q

Where do Rickettsia rickettsii replicate?

A

Endothelial cells

27
Q

Why might patients with RMSF hemorrhage excessively or experience thrombosis?

A

B/c Rickettsia rickettsii replicate in the endothelial cells, a vasculitis is initiated

Vasculitis triggers platelets and coagulation cascade which leads to consumption of platelets and coagulation factors

28
Q

Incubation period for R. Rickettsii

A

2-14d

29
Q

Common CS of RMSF

A

Arthralgia and spinal hyperesthesia
Thrombocytopenia
Cutaneous edema and hyperemia
Neurologic signs

Lots of other signs

30
Q

What drugs can be used to treat RMSF?

A

Doxy
Chloramphenicol
Enrofloxacin

31
Q

Hepatozoon americanum is transmitted via

A

Ingestion of Amblyomma maculatum

32
Q

Common CS of H. Americanum

A

Severe muscle wasting
Generalized hyperesthesia
Stiff gait
Purulent ocular discharge

CS can wax and wane

33
Q

Periosteal bone proliferation can result from

A

Hepatozoonosis

34
Q

What is the most reliable way to diagnose hepatozoonosis?

A

Skeletal muscle biopsy showing “onion” cysts and marked pyogranulomatous myositis

35
Q

T/F: H americanum can be treated with doxycycline

A

False - treated with TCP combination therapy (TMS, Clindamycin, and Pyrimethamine)

After TCP therapy, start decoquinate and continue for 2y

SAM (3 decks)

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