TIA Chapters 1-4 Flashcards
Computers are data processing devices that
gather data or allow users to input data, process that data into information, output data and information, store data and information
Data
is a representaion of a fact, a figure or an idea and can be a number, word, picture or a recording.
Data Mining
process of searching lots of data to find a pattern
Bits and Bytes
are used as the language to tell the computer what to do, are what the computer uses to represent the data and information that it inputs and outputs
Nanoscience
Involves study of molecules and structures (nanostructures) in size from 1 to 100 nanometers
Binary Digit
0 and 1
Computer Literate
familiar enough with computers that you understand their capabilities and limitations
Byte
8 binary digits
Affective computing
computing that relates to emotion or deliberately tries to influence emotion
Information
data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashion becoming useful
Nanotechnology
science of using nanostructures to build devices on an extremely small scale
Processing
manipulating, calculating or organizing data into information
Nanowires
exremely small conductors
Applicattion Software
set of programs you use on your computer
Digital Divide
discrepancy between those that have internet available and those that do not
Binary Language
language computers use to process data into information, consisting of only the values 0 and 1
Computer Forensics
analyzes computer systems with specific techniques to gather potential legal evidence
Physiome Project
a global effort in which bioengineers are creating realistic computer simulations of all systems and features of the human anatomy
Offshored
sent to other countries
MaxiCode
a specially designed scannable sticker that resembles an inkblot and contains all the important information about a UPS package
Public Domain
not covered by copyright
Biomedical chip implants
to provide sight to the blind
The Internet
is referred to as a client/server network
Weblog
a written online journal by a single author
.com
top-level domain
FTP
Internet protocol used to upload and download files
a social networking service that enables you to exchange short text messages with your friends or followers
Web 2.0
a trend of new Web applications that combine the functionality of multiple applications
Universal chat service
allows users to chat with other users who are using a different IM service
WWW
the means of accessing information over the Internet
browser
an application program used to view the Web
Internet
a large network of networks
Search engine
a tool used to locate information on the Web
Internet2
a project to develop new Internet technologies
Educational versions of software
educational versions of software
System requirements
specify the minimum recommended standards for the operating system, processor, RAM, and hard drive capacity
Visio
Microsoft program used to create technical drawings, map basic block diagrams, and more
Web-based application software
is stored completely on a Web server instead of your hard drive
Enterprise Resource Planning software
software that does back office operations and processing functions such as billing, production, inventory management, and human resources management
Snapfish.com
a Web-based program that allows you to edit, share, and store digital images
Open source software
made available to the public with few or no restrictions
Adobe Premiere Pro and Microsoft Live Movie Maker
examples of digital video editing software
file format that enables users to share, view, and print any file as long as they have the appropriate program installed
Impact printers
have tiny hammer-like keys that strike the paper through an inked ribbon
Function keys
on all keyboards do not work the same in all programs
Embedded computers
have their own programming and they typically do not receive input from you, nor do they interact with other systems
RAM
the place in a computer where the programs and data the computer is currently using are stored - volatile
Control (Ctrl) key
is used in combination with other keys to perform shortcuts and special tasks
Four main functions of a computer
inputting data, processing data, outputting the data or information, communicating the data or information
Num Lock and Caps Lock
toggle keys
Motherboard
contains the central electronic components of the computer
Super Computer
specially designed to perform complex calculations extremely rapidly
Input Device
enables you to enter data and instructions into the computer
Dvorak Keyboard
has the most commonly used letters in the English language on home keys
Cursor control key
arrow key
Insert Key
toggle key
- on insets new text
- off writes over existing text
Output device
enables you to send processed data out of your computer
Monitors
- LCD (liquid crystal display), or flat panel
- LED (light emitting diode)
- CRT (cathode ray tube)
Pixel
3 subpixels of red, blue and green
Aspect ratio
width to height proportion
Resolution
the clearness or sharpness of an image that reflects the number of pixels on he screen
Quality
aspect ratio + resolution
Brightness
measured as candelas per sq meter or nits
Response time
measured in miliseconds, is the time it takes a pixel to change color, lower is faster
Laser printer
faster & higher quality that uses laser beams and static electricity to deliver toner and heat fuse the ink
Plotter printer
produces over-sized pictures that require precise and continuous lines
ROM
memory that holds the instruments the computer needs to start up - nonvolatile
Processor speed
measured in units of Hertz, Hz, or machine cycles per second
Machine cycle
the process of the CPU getting the data or instruction from the RAM and decoding the instructions into something te computer can ubderstand
Hard drive
stores most data, nonvolatile
Drive bay (internal and external)
houses permanent storage devices
Internal drive
holds permanently stored programs and data
Optical drive
hardware device that uses lasers or lighs to read from and write to CDs ,DVDs and Blu-ray discs
Solid State drive (SSD)
uses the same kind of memory a flash drives use, but can reach data in only a 10th of the time a flash drive requires so it is more efficient with no noise and little power requirement
USB 2.0 port
external bus that supports data throughput of 480 Mbps
USB 3.0 port
external bus that supports data throughput of 4.8 Gbps
Serial port
sends data 1 bit at a time
Parallel port
to connect some printers, but considered legacy
Fire Wire 400 port
an interface port that transfers data at 400 Mbps with 4 pins fordigital cameras and 6 for computers
Fire Wire 800 port
an interface port that transfers data at 800 Mbps, with 9 pins & one of the fastest available
Ethernet port
transfers data at speed up to a 1000 Mbps used to connect a computer to a DSL or cable modem
Video port
for CRT and older LCD monitors
System software
set of programs that helps run the computer and coordinates instructions between application software and the computer’s hardware devices
