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Pharmacology Unit 5 > Thyroid Pharm > Flashcards

Thyroid Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Who is most likely to suffer from a thyroid disorder: men or women; young or old?

A

Older women

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2
Q

What is the precursor molecule of thyroid hormones?

A

tyrosine

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3
Q

A defect in the sodium-iodide transporter would lead to which thyroid disorder?

A

Hypothyroidism

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4
Q

What enzyme iodinates thyroglobulin?

A

thyroid peroxidase

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5
Q

Thyroxin is bound to what protein in the blood?

A

Thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG)

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6
Q

Is T3 of T4 the ligand for the thyroid hormone receptor?

A

T3

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7
Q

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

A

fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, goiter, muscle weakenss, constipation

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8
Q

What is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A

Autoimmune disease with production of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase, Na-iodide symporter, thyroglobulin, or TSH receptor

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9
Q

What is myxedema?

A

severe form of hypothyroidism mostly in adult women

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10
Q

What is cretinism?

A

Infancy hypothyroidism leading to mental retardation and dwarfism

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11
Q

What are the two main goals of thyroid hormone replacement therapy?

A

(1) to replace the function of the thyroid gland; (2) to prevent further growth of thyroid tissue

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12
Q

Synthetic thyroid hormones (3)

A

levothyroxine sodium (T4); liothyronine sodium (T3); Liotrix (T3+T4)

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13
Q

Which synthetic thyroid hormone drug is the preferred treatment for hypothyroidism and why?

A

Levothyroxine sodium (T4); longer half life and can be effectively converted to T3 in peripheral tissues

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14
Q

How long does is take for the peak therapeutic effect of levothyroxine sodium?

A

3-4 weeks

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15
Q

What are the benefits to using liothyronine sodium?

A

IV formulation can be used in acute emergencies; reaches peak levels in 2-4 hours after oral administration; eliminated rapidly (half-life= 1 day)

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16
Q

What are the disadvantages to using liothyronine sodium?

A

less stable, more costly, transient high levels of T3 in the serum

17
Q

What are some precautions to consider when giving someone hormone replacement therapy?

A

If they have cardiovascular disease or are pregnant (cretinism)

18
Q

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

heart palpitations, weight loss, nervousness, sweating, diarrhea, insomnia

19
Q

Number one cause of hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s disease: autoimmune disease consisting of thyroid-stimulating antibodies that activate thyrotropin receptor on thyroid cells

20
Q

Other causes of hyperthyroidism

A

nodular goiter, thyroiditis, thyroid cancer

21
Q

Typical lab findings in hyperthyroidism

A

TSH decreased; T3+T4 increased

22
Q

4 hyperthyroid treatment strategies

A

(1) subtotal thyroidectomy + T4; (2) irradiate thyroid + T4; (3) inhibit thyroid peroxidase; (4) interfere with thyroid hormone activation of symp nervous system

23
Q

3 drugs that inhibit thyroid peroxidase (antithyroids)

A

Propilthiouracil, methimazole, carbimazole

24
Q

Which antithyroid drug has an active metabolite?

A

Carbimazole’s active metabolite is Methimazole

25
Q

Severe side effects of antithyroid drugs

A

agranulocytosis, hepatitis, lupus-like syndrome

26
Q

Which antithyroid drug, Propylthiouracil or Methimazole, has a lesser chance of agranulocytosis and a shorter half-life?

A

Methimazole

27
Q

Which antithyroid drug has a high risk of transferring across the placenta in pregnant women?

A

Methimazole

28
Q

How long does it take for the effects of radioactive iodine therapy to be seen?

A

4 weeks

29
Q

What is the indication for Radioiodine therapy?

A

Relapsed hyperthyroidism after antithyroid drug therapy

30
Q

What is the contraindication to radioiodine therapy?

A

Pregnancy-radiation can effect fetus; also passes in breast milk so should be not given to women breast-feeding

31
Q

What is the main side effect of radioiodine therapy?

A

hypothyroidism

32
Q

When are beta-adrenergic drugs used?

A

to control symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as anxiety, palpitations, tremor

Pharmacology Unit 5 (7 decks)

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