Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Foundations-Endocrine > Thyroid/Parathyroid > Flashcards

Thyroid/Parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Secrete T3 & T4 (metabolism)

2. Secrete Calcitonin: Decreases calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What protein synthesizes and stores T3 and T4?

A

Thyroglobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What thyroid hormone do we measure?

A

T4 (thyroxine)*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hypothyroidism Si/Sx’s

A
  1. Fatigue/weakness
  2. Cold intolerance
  3. Bradycardia
  4. Delayed relaxation of DTR’s
  5. Cognitive dysfunction
  6. Constipation
  7. WEIGHT GAIN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vital signs in hypothyroidism

A
  1. Bradycardia

2. HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypothyroidism Skin findings

A
  1. Dry skin
  2. Coarse skin
  3. Hair loss
  4. Brittle nails
  5. Signs of vitiligo and alopecia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypothyroidism Respiratory findings

A

Dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypothyroidism cardiac findings

A

Decreased CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hypothyroidism Abdominal findings

A
  1. Hypoactive bowel sounds

2. Constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypothyroidism extremity findings

A
  1. Edema

2. CTS-Initial sx*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hypothyroidism lab findings

A

High TSH

Low T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What conditions will anti TPO antibodies be elevated in?

A
  1. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

2. Grave’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What conditions will anti thyroglobulin antibodies be elevated in?

A
  1. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

2. Grave’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What condition will TSH receptor antibody be elevated in?

A

Grave’s disease (65%)*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the MC etiology of hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Autoimmune thyroiditis

2. Hashimoto’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Iatrogenic causes for hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Radiation Tx for HYPERthyroidism

2. Surgical intervention of thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who should we consider screening for hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Goiter
  2. H/o autoimmune disease
  3. Previous radioactive iodine therapy
  4. Hx head/neck irradiation
  5. Family hx thyroid disease
  6. Meds that impair thyroid function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypothyroidism treatment

A

Synthetic thyroxine (T4) replacement: Levothroid, Levoxyl, Synthroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Levothyroxine dosing for elderly patients

A

25-50 mcg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Levothyroxine dosing for patients with h/o coronary heart disease

A

Max=25 mcg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How often are you going to check/monitor TSH levels?

A

Every 6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

At what TSH level would you start a patient on thyroid hormone with subclinical hypothyroidism?

A
  1. TSH>10

2. TSH ULN-10 with si/sx’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the MC etiology of Hyperthyroidism?

A

Grave’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hyperthyroidism clinical presentation

A
  1. Skin: Sweating, warm skin
  2. Eyes: Stare and lid lag, Exophthalmos, pain w/ EOM
  3. Cardiac: Tachycardia, Arryhthmias, HTN
  4. Respiratory: Dyspnea
  5. GI: increased urinary frequency
  6. Weight LOSS
  7. Neuro: Irritable, agitated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What imaging would you order to determine etiology of Hyperthyroidism?
24 hour radioiodine uptake and scan: High uptake = increased hormone synthesis Low uptake = inflammation/destruction of thyroid gland or extrathyroidal source of thyroid hormone
26
24 hour radioiodine uptake and scan CI?
Pregnancy | Breastfeeding
27
Symptomatic hyperthyroidism treatment
Beta Blockers
28
Treatment to prevent further thyroid secretion?
Thionamides
29
Definitive Tx in hyperthyroidism
Radioiodine ablation
30
Hyperthyroidism Tx in pregnancy
Propylthiouracil (PTU)*
31
What is Subacute Thyroiditis associated with?
Viral illness
32
Subacute Thyroiditis clinical presentation
1. Acutely painful glandular enlargement | 2. Dysphagia/hoarseness
33
Subacute Thyroiditis Tx
Anti-inflammatories: 1. ASA 2. NSAIDs 3. Prednisone
34
Thyroiditis RAI findings
Near absent RAI uptake
35
Etiology of thyroid storm
``` Acute Event: Surgery Trauma Infection Iodine adminsitration Childbirth Withdrawal of antithyroid meds MI, CVA, PE ```
36
Thyroid Storm clinical presentation
``` 1. Cardiac: Tachycardia, CHF, Hypotension, Arrhythmia 2. High Fever (104-106) 3. Psych: Agitation, anxiety, delirium, psychosis 4. Stupor, coma ```
37
Thyroid Storm Diagnosis
Clinical Presentation + Low TSH, high free T4/T3
38
Benign causes for thyroid nodules
1. Multinodular goiter 2. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 3. Cysts 4. Follicular adenomas
39
Malignant causes for thyroid nodules
1. Carcinoma: Papillary, follicular, medullary, anapestic 2. Primary thyroid lymphoma 3. Metastatic carcinoma
40
List the higher concerns for thyroid nodules
1. Kids, men, adults <30 y/o, >60 y/o 2. H/o head/neck radiation 3. H/o hematopoeitic stem cell transplant 4. Family hx thyroid cancer 5. Size: Large
41
What lab value in thyroid nodules is highly associated with thyroid cancer?
High TSH levels
42
Worrisome findings for CA on a thyroid scan? Treatment?
"Cold" nodule | Fine need aspiration with biopsy
43
Findings that would prompt you to get a fine need aspiration with biopsy?
1. Thyroid CA hx 2. Lymph nodes 3. Calcifications 4. Solid masses 5. Hypoechoic on US
44
Thyroid carcinoma risk factors
1. H/o childhood head or neck irradiation 2. Thyroid CA in first degree relative 3. Large nodule size (≥ 4 cm)
45
What is the MC type of thyroid CA? Prognosis?
Papillary= 85% | Best Prognosis
46
What type of thyroid CA has the worst prognosis?
Anaplastic
47
Thyroid CA treatment
1. Surgery: Near total thyroidectomy 2. TSH Suppression: Levothyroxine 3. Radioiodine ablation 4. Chemotherapy
48
What is the function of the parathyroid gland?
Regulate calcium homeostasis
49
Hypoparathyroidism MC etiology
Acquired: Post-thyroidectomy
50
Classic Hypoparathyroidism clinical presentation findings
Chvostek sign | Trousseau phenomenon
51
Hypoparathyroidism lab findings
Low: Calcium (serum and urinary), PTH, Mg High: Serum phosphate
52
Hypoparathyroidism treatment
Emergency treatment for acute tetany: 1. IV calcium gluconate + oral calcitriol 2. Airway maintenance
53
MC etiology of Hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid adenoma
54
MC Hyperparathyroidism clinical presentation
Asymptomatic hypercalcemia
55
Presentation in Symptomatic Hyperparathyroidism
“bones, stones, abdominal groans, and psychiatric moans” + FATIGUE* 1. Bone pain 2. Kidney Stones 3. Abdominal pain 4. Confusion, fatigue 5. Fatigue
56
Hyperparathyroidism DDX
Malignancy | Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH)
57
Definitive Dx in Hyperparathyroidism
Surgical resection: Parathyroidectomy
58
What medications do you want to avoid in Hyperparathyroidism
Lithium | HCTZ
59
What dose do want to restrict calcium to in Hyperparathyroidism?
1000 mg/day
60
What do you want to make sure you supplement with in Hyperparathyroidism?
Vitamin D
61
What can temporarily ↓ hypercalcemia and treat bone pain
IV bisphosphonates:Zoledronic acid (Reclast)
62
Secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism treatment
1. Cinacalcet: Mimics Ca++ | 2. Paricalcitol: Vitamin D analog

Foundations-Endocrine (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions