Thyroid Hormone

Question 1

Hashimoto’s disease

Answer 1

Autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism due to destruction of thyroid gland
Nodular goiter

Question 2

Iodine requirement

Answer 2

1mg/week or 50 mg per year

Question 3

Endemic colloid goiter cause

Answer 3

Due to dietary iodide deficiency

Question 4

Mechanism of endemic colloid goiter

Answer 4

Increased thyroglobulin production due to increased TSH because of low T3 T4. It increases size of gland 10 to 20 times

Question 5

Types of goiter

Answer 5

1. Hypothyroid/Non toxic goiter
2. hyperthyroid or toxic goiter
3. euthyroid goiter

Question 6

Idiopathic nontoxic multi nodular goiter

Answer 6

Localized thyroiditis will cause hypothyroidism -> increased TSH - > increase growth of non inflammed tissue-> nodular goiter

Question 7

Some causes of colloid goiter

Answer 7

Defect in iodide trapping
Defect in iodide oxidation
Defect in coupling of iodinated tyrosine residues
Defect in deiodinase

Question 8

Goiterogenic substance

Answer 8

Cabbage and turnips

Question 9

Anti thyroid activity

Answer 9

Goiterogenic foods

Question 10

Characters of hypothyroidism

Answer 10

Fatigue
Somnolence
12 to 14 hours sleep and drowsiness
Weight gain
Dec bmr
Dec HR
Dec blood volume and CO
Muscle sluggishness
Mental sluggishness

Question 11

Hypothyroidism affecy on gastric motility

Answer 11

Constipation

Question 12

Dry skin and reduced hair growth and husky voice

Answer 12

Hypothyroidism

Question 13

Myxedema

Answer 13

Hypothyroidism causes GAGs to accumulate to form gel that increases interstitual fluid and cause non pitting edema

Question 14

Hypothyroidism in adults

Answer 14

Myxedema

Question 15

Hypothyroidism in children

Answer 15

Cretinism

Question 16

Why atherosclerosis in hypothyroidism

Answer 16

Due to decreased LDL receptors.. Cholestrol accumulate in vessels

Question 17

Cretinism types

Answer 17

1. congenital

2. endemic

Question 18

Features of cretinism

Answer 18

Pot belly, obese, umbilical hernia, macroglossia, stunt growth, disproportionate growth

Question 19

Distinguishing feature between dwarfism and cretinism

Answer 19

Disporpotionate growth +mental retardattion in cretinism where as proportionate growth in dwarfism