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Y2 Endocrinology Anatomy > Thyroid Gland > Flashcards

Thyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

The thyroid gland is located deep to what group of muscles?

A

Strap muscles

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2
Q

The thyroid gland has __ lobes

A

2

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3
Q

The thyroid gland is located anterior to…

A

2nd and 4th tracheal cartilages

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4
Q

What is the role of the isthmus?

A

Narrow connecting band joining the right and left thyroid lobes

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5
Q

Outline how the parathyroid gland associates with the thyroid?

A

Superior and inferior parts located on posterior surface of the thyroid lobes (4 parts in total)

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6
Q

A lump on the thyroid that moves superior to inferior on swallowing is known as a…

A

Goitre

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7
Q

The pyramidal lobe originates from what area of the thyroid? It is also referred to as?

A

Left lateral lobe

3rd thyroid lobe

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8
Q

Define ‘ectopic thyroid tissue’

A

Presence in locations other than normal anterior neck between 2-4 tracheal cartilages

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9
Q

Where does the thyroid gland originate embryologically?

A

Foramen caecum

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10
Q

The thyroid gland migrates inferiorly during development, and remains attached to the tongue via the ____

A

Thyroglossal duct

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11
Q

List the locations of thyroid fascia within the neck

A

PREVERTEBRAL: contains posterior neck muscles and cervical spine
INVESTING: all other neck compartments and 2 pairs of muscles
CAROTID SHEATHS
PRETRACHEAL

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12
Q

What two muscles are contained within the investing fascia?

A

Trapezius

Sternocleidomastoid

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13
Q

List the structures contained within the carotid sheaths

A

Vagus nerves
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Common carotid arteries (—> ICAs)
Internal jugular veins

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14
Q

List the structures contained within the pretracheal fascia

A 
Oesophagus
Trachea
Thyroid gland
Strap muscles
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
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15
Q

Name the four strap muscles associated with the thyroid gland

A

Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid

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16
Q

Name the skeletal muscle of facial expression contained within the neck and it’s nerve supply

A

Platysma

CN VII

17
Q

Outline the blood supply to the thyroid and parathyroid gland, and the origin of each artery

A

Superior thyroid artery (external carotid artery)

Inferior thyroid artery (subclavian artery)

18
Q

Outline the venous drainage from the thyroid and parathyroid gland, and the origin of each vein

A

Superior thyroid vein (internal jugular vein)
Middle thyroid vein (internal jugular vein)
Inferior thyroid vein (brachiocephalic vein)

19
Q

Outline the lymphatic drainage from the thyroid and parathyroid gland

A

Superior deep cervical lymph nodes

Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

20
Q

Describe the course of the vagus nerve from the brainstem to the abdomen

A

Medulla oblongata –> jugular foramen –> carotid sheath
RHS —> lateral to trachea, on oesophagus
LHS –> lateral to aortic arch, on oesophagus
Pass with the oesophagus through the diaphragm —> Stomach surface to supply abdominal organs with parasympathetic axons

21
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under the ___

A

Right subclavian artery

22
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under the ___

A

Arch of the aorta

23
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend in the groove between _____ and _____

A

Trachea

Oesophagus

24
Q

List the surgical approaches to the thyroid

A

Tracheostomy for a thyroidectomy

Transaxillary or transbreast with endoscopic assistance

25
Q

Name the suspensory ligament of the thyroid, that attaches the thyroid to the trachea

A

Berry’s ligament

26
Q

What is the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerves?

A

Motor supply to the intrinsic skeletal muscles of the larynx (vocal cords)

27
Q

A unilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves would produce what symptoms?

A

Hoarseness/ weave voice

Weak cough

28
Q

A bilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves would produce what symptoms?

A

Aphonia
Aspiration of foreign bodies into the lungs (can’t close rima glottidis)
Weak cough

29
Q

What nerve supplies parasympathetic control to the thyroid gland?

A

Vagus nerve

30
Q

What supplies sympathetic control to the thyroid gland?

A

Superior, middle and inferior ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

Y2 Endocrinology Anatomy (4 decks)

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