thyroid disorders

Question 1

what are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism ?

Answer 1

heat intolerance
weight loss
diarrhoea
tachycardia, arrythmias
excitability, sweating 
angina pain
tremors

Question 2

what thyroid hormones regulates ?

Answer 2

metabolic rate
heart rate
digestive function
muscle control
brain development

Question 3

what laboratory results would indicate hyperthyroidism ?

Answer 3

high T4 and T3

low TSH

Question 4

What are the side effects of carbimazole ? ( anti-thyroid drug)

Answer 4

bone marrow suppression (agranulocytosis, neutropenia)

rashes/itching: give antihistamine or switch to propylthiouracil

Question 5

what are the side effects of propylthiouracil?

Answer 5

hepatotoxicity

Question 6

what are the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis ?

Answer 6

increased HR > 140bpm
tachycardia, arrythmias
heat intolerance>  41 degree temp
diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting
seizures, delirium, confusion, psychosis

Question 7

how is thyrotoxicosis treated ?

Answer 7

anti-thyroid drugs, fluids, hydrocortisone and radioactive sodium iodide solution.
propranolol for rapid symptom relief

Question 8

how should hyperthyroidism be treated in pregnancy ?

Answer 8

1st trimester: propylthiouracil ( only 1st trimester due to liver toxicity)
2nd trimester: carbimazole

Question 9

what are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 9

cold intolerance
weight gain
constipation
bradycradia
lethargy
muscle cramps
slow movements
depression
hair thinning

Question 10

what laboratory test results would indicate hypothyroidism ?

Answer 10

low T4 AND T3

high TSH

Question 11

what is the difference between levothyroxine and liothyronine ?

Answer 11

liothyronine is more potent, more rapid effect. best to use in severe hypothyroid emergencies