Thyroid Disorders Flashcards
What are the symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?
Irritability Muscle weakness Sleeping problems Fast heartbeat Heat intolerance Diarrhoea Enlargement of the thyroid gland Weight loss
What are the most common causes of Hyperthyroidism?
Grave’s disease (autoimmune) - 50-80%
Multinodular goitre
Toxic adenoma
Pituitary adenoma
What are the three main treatments for Hyperthyroidism?
Antithyroid drugs (thionamides
)Radioactive iodine
Partial thyroidectomy
How do Thionamides work?
Decrease production of thyroid hormones - inhibit iodination of thyroglobulin via inhibition of thyroperoxidase
How long do Thionamides take to work?
Several weeks (long plasma half lives of thyroid hormones)
What is the main ADR of Thionamides?
Agranulocytosis leading to leucopenia
- sore throats
- mouth ulcers
- bruising
- non-specific illness
What are the two most clinically common Thionamides?
Carbimazole
Propylthiouracil
How do Beta-blockers work to treat hyperthyroidism?
Reduce actions of catecholamines at B-adrenoceptors
-augmented in hyperthyroidism
What symptomatic relief do Beta-blockers provide?
Tremor
Anxiety
Palpitations
What type of Beta-blocker is required to relieve tremors?
Non-specific
What drug may be given to control tachycardia in hyperthyroidism patients who cannot receive a Beta-blocker?
Diltiazem
What are the three most clinically common Beta-blockers?
Atenolol
Nadolol
Propranolol
What are the symptoms of Hypothyroidism?
Cold intolerance Tiredness Constipation Depression Weight gain Goitre?
What are the most common causes of Hypothyroidism?
Lack of Iodine in the diet
Hashimoto’s (autoimmune)
Injury to the thyroid
What is the treatment for Hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine (thyroxine)
