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Endocrinology > Thyroid Disease > Flashcards

Thyroid Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what controls the thyroid ?

A

the pituitary gland

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2
Q

what hormone is released from the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid?

A

thyroid stimulatory hormone

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3
Q

what is hyperthyroidism?

A

production of excess thyroid hormones

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4
Q

what is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

graves disease (primary failure)

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5
Q

what is the role of antibodies in hyperthyroidism?

A

autoimmune disease- antibodies bind to TSH receptors and trigger excess release of T3 hormones from thyroid

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6
Q

what are the signs of hyperthyroidism?

A

-warm skin
-increased HR- tachycardia
-increased BP
-goitre at base of neck
-eyelid retraction

-tremors

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7
Q

what are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A

INCREASED METABOLISM
-weight loss
-sweating
-palpitations
-anxiety
-irritable

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8
Q

what are the signs of graves disease ?

A

-goitre
-proptosis (eyeball bulging)
-eyelid retraction
-family history
-conjunctival oedema (chemosis)

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9
Q

what indicates primary gland failure hyperthyroidism?

A

T3- raised
TSH- low

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10
Q

what indicates secondary failure hyperthyroidism? (uncommon)

A

T3 raised
TSH raised

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11
Q

what are the treatments of hyperthyroidism?

A

-carbimazole- lowers T3
-beta blockers- reduce anxiety, tremors and - palpitations
-radioiodine
-surgery-thyroidectomy

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12
Q

what are the dental aspects of hyperthyroidism?

A

-goitre can be seen clinically
-anxiety/decision making may affect treatment
-if unstable postpone irreversible treatment
-if treated-treat as normal

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13
Q

what is hypothyroidism?

A

thyroid hormone deficiency

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14
Q

what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

A

hashimotos disease

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15
Q

what is the role of antibodies in hypothyroidism?

A

autoimmune- antibodies attack thyroid gland causing inflammation and fibrosis of thyroid tissue

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16
Q

what are the signs of hypothyroidism?

A

-dry skin
-bradycardia
-goitre due to inflammation of thyroid (hashimotos)
-confusion
-delayed reflexes

17
Q

what are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

DECREASED METABOLISM
- weight gain
-puffy red face
-cold
-slow manners
-hairloss

18
Q

what indicates primary gland failure hypothyroidism?

A

T4 low
TSH raised

19
Q

what indicates secondary gland failure hypothyroidism? (rare)

A

T4 low
TSH low

20
Q

what is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

A

thyroxine (raises T4)

21
Q

what are the dental aspects of hypothyroidism?

A

-goitre can be seen clinically
-slow manners- may be enhanced with sedatives
-if controlled-treat at normal

22
Q

how can thyroid disease be investigated?

A

-blood tests
-imaging (radioisotope scans)
-biopsy

cold nodules (cancer) on radioisotope scan takes up less radioactive material

23
Q

what is the consequence of untreated hypothyroidism?

A

myxoedema and cvd

Endocrinology (6 decks)

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