Thyroid cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Define:

A

Malignancy arising in the thyroid gland:

Types:

  • Papillary (60%)
  • Follicular (25%)
  • Medullary (5%)
  • Lymphoma (5%)
  • Anaplastic (rare)
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2
Q

Aetiology:

A

Unknown

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3
Q

Risk factors:

A

Medullary thyroid cancer

MEN IIa and IIb

Lymphoma due to Hashimoto’s

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4
Q

Epidemiology:

A

Rare

More common in females

Papillary in 20-40 years

Follicular in 40-50 years

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5
Q

Symptoms:

A

Slow growing neck lump

Discomfort swallowing

Hoarse voice

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6
Q

Signs:

A

Palpable nodules and diffuse enlargement

Cervical lymphadenopathy

Usually euthyroid

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7
Q

Investigations:

A

Bloods:

  • TFTs
  • Bone profile
  • Thyroid autoantibodies if Hashimoto’s/Graves’s suspected

Tumour Markers
• Thyroglobulin - papillary and follicular
• Calcitonin - medullary

CXR with thoracic inlet: tracheal goitres and metastases?

USS

Radionuclide scan: malignant lesions show as hypofunctioning (cold) whereas a hyperfunctioning hot lesion suggests adenoma

Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNA)
o Allows histological diagnosis

Excision Lymph Node Biopsy
o If there is cervical lymphadenopathy

CT/MRI - for staging

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