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Anatomy module 7 > Thyroid and parthyroid gland > Flashcards

Thyroid and parthyroid gland Flashcards

1
Q

from the Latin guttur, throat), defined as an enlargement of the thyroid

A

Goiter

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2
Q

thyroid gland was not documented until the

A

Renaissance period

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3
Q

Hieronymus FabriciusabAquapendente recognized that goiters arose from the thyroid gland

A

1619

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4
Q

1656 -(Greek thyreoeides, shield-shaped) The term thyroid gland attributed to

A

Thomas wharton

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5
Q

classified thyroid as a ductless gland

A

1776 -Albrecht von Haller

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6
Q

first accounts of thyroid surgery for the treatment of goiters by Roger Frugardi

A

1170

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7
Q

Most notable thyroid surgeon

A

Emil Theodor Kocher (1841–1917) and •C.A. Theodor Billroth(1829–1894

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8
Q

Nobel Prize for medicine in recognition •”for his works on the physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gland

A

Emil theodore kocher

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9
Q

thyroid gland, an outpouchingof the primitive foregut

A

3rd week of gestation

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10
Q

Thyroid gland originates at the base of the tongue at the _____________

A

Foramen cecum

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11
Q

During its descent, the anlageremains connected to the foramen cecumvia an epithelial-lined tube known as the

A

Thyroglossal duct

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12
Q

The epithelial cells making up the anlagegive rise to the

A

Thyroid follicular cell

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13
Q

Endoderm cells in the floor of the ___________anlage thicken to form the ____________anlagethat descends in the neck anterior to structures that form the hyoid ____________

A

Pharyngeal
Medial thyroid
Hyoid bone and larynx

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14
Q

paired lateral anlagesoriginate from the _________________ and fuse with the median anlageat approximately the ___________________

A

Fourth branchial pouch

Fifth week of gestation

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15
Q

Origin of lateral anlages

A

Neuroectodermal

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16
Q

Parafollicular or c cells

A

Calcitonin

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17
Q

Location of c cells

A

superoposterior region of the gland

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18
Q

Neuroectodermal

Provide the calcitonin from c cells

A

Ultimobrachial bodies

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19
Q

Thyroid follicles are initially apparent by

A

8 weeks

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20
Q

colloid formation begins by the

A

Eleventh week of gestation

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21
Q

most commonly encountered congenital cervical anomalies

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

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22
Q

___________ of gestation, the thyroglossalduct lumen starts to obliterate, duct disappears by the ___________

A

Fifth week

Eight week

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23
Q

failure of the median thyroid anlageto descend normally •may be the only thyroid tissue present

A

Lingual thyroid

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24
Q

Normal thyroid tissue may be found anywhere

A

Ectopic thyroid

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25
Q

Thyroid tissue situated lateral to the

A

Carotid sheath and jugular vein

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26
Q

Ectopic thyroid previuosly termed

A

lateral aberrant thyroid

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27
Q

Blood supply of thyroid gland

A

Superior thyroid artery

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28
Q

Origin of right superior thyroid artery

A

External carotid artery
Common carotid artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Arch of aorta

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29
Q

Origin of left superior thyroid artery

A

External carotid artery
Left common carotid artery
Arch of aorta

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30
Q

Drainage of superior thyroid vein

A

Internal jugular vein
Brachiocephalic vein
Superior vena cava

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31
Q

Middle thyroid artery

A

Internal jugular vein

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32
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Brachiocephalic vein

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33
Q

Largest of all endocrine gland

A

Thyroid gland

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34
Q

Each lobe [5cm] extends to level of

A

6th tracheal cartilage

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35
Q

Thyroid anatomy

A

Consists of Right and Left lobes •Each lateral lobe has a superior pole and an inferior pole •approximately 20 g •Larger in women •Enlarges during pregnancy •May enlarge slightly during menstruation

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36
Q

Thyroid is posterior toe the

A

Strap muscle

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37
Q

thyroid lobes located adjacent to the

A

Thyroid cartilage

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38
Q

located just inferior to the cricoidcartilage

A

Isthmus

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39
Q

Ascends from isthmus usually from left side towards the hyoid bone

A

Pyramidal lobe

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40
Q

Pyramidal lobe May be attached to hyoid bone by fibrous band, ______________

A

Levator glandulaethyroidae

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41
Q

Pyramidal lobe Derived from inferior end of embryonic __________________

A

Thyroglossalduct

42
Q

in disorders resulting in thyroid hypertrophy the pyramidal lobe usually is

A

Enlarge and palpable

43
Q

Superiorly thyroid lobes extend to the

A

Midthyroid cartilage

44
Q

Thyroid gland lie adjacent to the

A

Carotid artery

45
Q

Thyroid land laterally to the

A

SCM

46
Q

Strap muscles of thyroid

A

Sternohyoid •Sternothyroid •superior belly of the omohyoid

47
Q

Thyroid strap muscles located anteriorlyand are innervated by the ansa cervicalis(ansahypoglossi

A

Ansa cervicalis or ansa hypoglossi

48
Q

The thyroid gland is enveloped by a

A

Loosely connecting fascia

49
Q

derived from deep cervical fascia •attached to cricoidand thyroid cartilages

A

Pretracheal fascia

50
Q

Thus, moves up and down with larynx during swallowing

A

Petracheal fascia

51
Q

The true capsule of the thyroid is a thin, densely adherent fibrous layer that sends out septa that invaginateinto the gland, forming

A

Pseudolobules

52
Q

cricoidcartilage and upper tracheal rings

A

Posterior suspensory or berrys ligaments

53
Q

arise from the ipsilateralexternal carotid arteries (ECA)and divide into anterior and posterior branches at the apices of the thyroid lobes

A

Superiorthyroid arteries

54
Q

1stanterior branch of ECA •Descends the lateral part of the neck under the superior belly of______________and _______________

A

Omohyoid

Sternothyroid

55
Q

Superior thyroid arteries Above the level of the superior pole, accompanied by the ______________ of the _________________

A

External laryngeal branch

Superior laryngeal nerve

56
Q

arise from the thyrocervicaltrunk shortly after their origin from the subclavianarteries

A

Inferior thyroid arteries

57
Q

INFERIOR THYROID ARTERIES •Ascends vertically for a short distance posterior to the carotid sheath •turning medially, forming an arching loop and entering the tracheoesophagealgroove

A

Tracheoespphagealgrooe

58
Q

INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY •crosses the

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

59
Q

arises directly from the aorta or innominate •1 to 4% of individuals •enter the isthmus or replace a missing inferior thyroid artery

A

Thyroidea IMA artery

60
Q

three sets of thyroid drainage

A

Superior, middle and inferior thyroid vein

61
Q

The SUPERIOR THYROID VEINS run with the superior thyroid arteries

A

Bilaterally

62
Q

Middle thyroid vein

A

Least consistent

63
Q

The superior and middle veins drain directly into

A

Internal jugular vein

64
Q

Parasymphatetic fiber

A

Vagus nerve

65
Q

Sympathetic fiber

A

superior, middle, inferior sympathetic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

66
Q

1849

A

Sir Richard Owen

67
Q

first accurate description of the normal parathyroid gland after autopsy examination of an

A

Indian rhinoceros

68
Q

a medical student in Uppsala, Sweden. •1stgross and microscopic description of human parathyroids •although their function was not known

A

1879 inar sandstrom

69
Q

Glands be named

A

glandulaeparathyroideae

70
Q

association of Hyperparathyroidand the bone disease osteitisfibrosa cysticawas recognized

A

1903 •Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen

71
Q

1925 •first successful parathyroidectomywas performed in by

A

Felix Mandl

72
Q

Approximately 1% of normal upper glands may be found in the

A

paraesophagealor retroesophagealspace

73
Q

As the embryo matures, the thymus and inferior parathyroidsmigrate together caudally in the

A

Neck

74
Q

The frequency of intrathyroidalglands is about

A

2%

75
Q

The superior glands usually are dorsal to the

A

RLN at the level of the cricoidcartilage

76
Q

inferior parathyroid glands are located ventral to the

A

RLN

77
Q

Parathyroid color depends on

A

cellularity, fat content, and vascularity

78
Q

503 cadaver subjects•84% had 4 parathyroid•13% had supernumerary•3% had Less than 4

A

Akerstrom

79
Q

428 cadaver subjects•–•6.7% had supernumerary

A

Gilmour

80
Q

posterior aspect of the superior pole of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland and close to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (constant location

A

Superior pair of PTG

81
Q

posterior aspect of the inferior pole of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland

A

Inferior pair of PTG

82
Q

PTG derive their blood supply from the

A

Inferior thyroid artery

83
Q

SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY supply at least _____ of upper glands

A

20%

84
Q

The parathyroid glands drain ipsilaterallyby the

A

Superior thyroid veins. •middle thyroid veins. •inferior thyroid veins

85
Q

Pathologic enlargements of the inferior PTG may extend to the

A

Trachea and esophagus

86
Q

PTG

A

Maintain serum calcium and phosphorus levels

87
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure before it ascends back to towards the thyroid area

A

Aortic arch

88
Q

What is the main arterial supply of superior parathyroid gland

A

Inferior thyroid artery

89
Q

How many percent of individuals has ThyroidiaIma

A

1-4%

90
Q

What is the first anterior branch of the External Carotid Artery that supplies the thyroid and parathyroid

A

Superior thyroid artery

91
Q

in 1903 he was the first person to associate hyperparathyroidand osteitisfibrosiacystic, a disease also associated wit his name. Who is this fellow

A

von Recklinghausen, Friedrich Daniel

92
Q

Fourth branchial pouch

A

Superior parathyroid gland

Thyroid gland

93
Q

Thrid branchial pouch

A

Inferior parathyroid gland

Thymus

94
Q

Super parthyroid

A

More consistent
80%
Level of cricoid cartilage

95
Q

Inferior parathyroid gland

A

Inferior thyroid artery and RLN cross

96
Q

Inferior gland

A

15% of thymus

97
Q

Inferior gland

A

Longer migratory path

98
Q

Undescended inferior and undescended thymus

A

Skull base
Mandible
Superior to the upper parathyroid glands

99
Q

Newborn parathyroid

A

Gray, semitransparent

100
Q

Adult parathyroid

A

Golden yellow to light brown

101
Q

Normal parathyroid gland

A 
Ovoid
Loose tissue or fat
7mm
40-59mg
Secrete PTH

Anatomy module 7 (1 decks)

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