thyroid and parathyroid mod 5 Flashcards
describe the thyroid
The thyroid gland is a 2” butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck
Secretes triiodothyronine (T3) (active form) and thyroxine (T4) (free or bound form).
Thyroxine is the regulator of body metabolism that influences almost every body system.
Iodine is a necessary component in the synthesis of thyroid hormone.
negative feedback with hormones
most hormone released is thyroxine T4
thyroid dysfunctions
Dysfunctions are either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism
Primary thyroid disorders are the most common
Thyroid problems are more likely in women than men
An enlargement can occur with both types of disorders
what is a primary disorder?
involves the gland itself
what is goiter
A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland with or without symptoms of thyroid dysfunction.
**nontoxic
Excess pituitary TSH
Low iodine levels - decrease thyroxine production
Enlargement of the thyroid gland can also occur from goitrogens
goitrogens- lithium, foods
hypothyroidism definition
Insufficient levels of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4
Primary - gland/thyroid **most common
Secondary- pituitary not releasing TSH
In Primary - Increase in release of TSH from pituitary (release of TSH indicates a hypoactive thyroid)
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder, is the most common cause of hypothyroidism.
what is the most common cause hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder, is the most common cause of hypothyroidism.
decrease T3/T4 = increase TSH
what is hashimoto’s?
Thyroid receptor antibodies - autoimmune destruction of thyroid
Antithyroglobulin antibody
Antithyroperoxidase antibody: hallmark of the disorder
risk factors hypothyroidism
Female Age > 50 Caucasian Pregnancy History of other autoimmune disorders Family history Medications Treatments for hyperthyroidism
early manifestations hypothyroidism
main ones: Cold intolerance Weight gain Lethargy Fatigue
other: Memory deficits Poor attention span Increased cholesterol Muscle cramps Raises carotene levels Constipation Decreased fertility Puffy face Hair loss Brittle nails
late manifestations hypothyroidism
Below normal temperature Bradycardia Weight gain Decreased LOC Thickened skin Cardiac complications (cardiomegaly) **suppression of immune system
hypothyroid and other organs
Raises cholesterol; hyperlipidemia Raises carotene levels (yellows skin) Causes anemia Decreases filtration by kidney (risk of medication toxicity) ***Can cause hoarse voice
myxedema - can be both hyper and hypothyroidism
**think skin and loss of hair
Severe hypothyroidism (coma) Describes the dermatological change that occurs with hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism s/s
anxiety tremor tachycardia feeling warm loss weight exophthalmos atrial fib decreased fertility
hypothyroidism s/s
hypercholesterolemia gains weight easily decreased fertility delayed reflexes sluggishness feeling cold constipation lethargy fatigue
what is exophthalmos
Wide-eyed stare associated with increased sympathetic tone and infiltration of the extraocular area with lymphocytes and mucopolysaccharides
Periorbital edema and bulging of the eyes termed Graves’ ophthalmopathy
Women are more often affected with Graves’ ophthalmopathy than men
